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| the master controlling & communicating system of the body via electrical or chemical means (electrical impulses or chemical neurotransmitters); 3 fcns: integration, sensory, & motor |
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| thinking & processing; specific to the brain |
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| vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch |
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| something you do after thinking about it (writing, flexing, moving your hand when you touch something hot) |
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| cell types of nervous system (all neurons) |
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| unpolar neurons, bipolar neurons, & multipolar neurons (motor neurons & interneurons) |
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| only carries SENSORY information for touch, pressure, pain, & temperature |
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| *rare* only carries SENSORY information for vision, hearing, taste, & smell |
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| motor neurons (PNS) + interneurons (CNS) |
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| multipolar neurons of the PNS that carry impulses away from the CNS |
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| multipolar neurons found in the CNS that occur between motor neurons & sensory neurons; bridges b/w CNS & PNS |
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| unipolar neurons (touch, pressure, pain, & temperature) + bipolar neurons (RARE, for vision, hearing, taste, & smell) |
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| INTEGRATION (brain + spinal cord) |
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| sensory + motor nerves that radiate off of the CNS; 12 pairs of cranial nerves + 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
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| afferent nervous system // signal is carried from PNS to CNS // special senses + somatosensory senses + viscerosensory senses |
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| sensory input // signal is carried from PNS to CNS |
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| afferent nervous system // cranial nerves that detect sight, smell, taste, & hearing // BIPOLAR NEURONS |
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| afferent nervous system // body senses // mostly spinal nerves & some cranial nerves used to detect touch, pressure, pain, & temperature // mostly in skeletal muscle muscle & skin // UNIPOLAR NEURONS |
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| afferent nervous system // visceral senses // spinal nerves used to detect touch & pressure in organs; mostly in cardiac & smooth muscle; stomach cramps, chest pain, & extended temperature exposure that feels like pain..? |
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| efferent nervous system // signals are carried from CNS to PNS // somatic nervous system vs. autonomic nervous system (autonomic = sympathetic NS + parasympathetic NS) |
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| motor output // signals are carried from CNS to PNS // somatic nervous system vs. autonomic nervous system (autonomic = sympathetic NS + parasympathetic NS) |
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| (branch of efferent nervous system) voluntary; commands skeletal muscle for motor output |
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| (branch of efferent nervous system) involuntary; controls cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, & glands; sympathetic (stimulatory) NS + parasympathetic NS (parasympathetic NS) |
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| branch of the nervous system that causes erections |
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| sympathetic ( + autonomic + efferent) |
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| branch of the nervous system that controls gland secretions |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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| (autonomic + efferent) stimulatory: speeds up heart rate, breathing, & sweating; fight or flight response |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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| (autonomic + efferent) inhibitory: slows down heart rate, breathing, & sweating; at play when you sleep/rest |
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| glial cells // support cells of the nervous system: not part of the nervous system, just assist & supports it; support & protect neuron processes & cell bodies; PNS satellite + schwann; CNS oligodendrocytes + astrocytes + microglia + ependymal cells |
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| neuroglia// support cells of the nervous system: not part of the nervous system, just assist & supports it; support & protect neuron processes & cell bodies; PNS satellite + schwann; CNS oligodendrocytes + astrocytes + microglia + ependymal cells |
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| (neuroglia) wrap around cell bodies in the PNS |
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| (neuroglia) myelinated cells in the PNS that wrap around long processes, like axons of motor neurons or long dendrites; good conductors of electricity b/c of the myelin |
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| spaces of exposed axon between Schwann cells |
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| a white lipid/protein that insulates cells; outside edge of schwann cells; white matter = myelinated; good conductors of electricity that help conduct electrical impulse faster down than bare axon; little kids don't respond as quickly to impulses b/c their cells aren't fully myelinated until about age 10-12 |
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| in brain & spinal cord; oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, & ependymal cells |
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| (neuroglia in the CNS) functional equivalent of Schwann cells for the CNS; arms wrap around nervous processes, but oligodendrocytes can myelinate as many process as it has arms for |
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| (neuroglia in the CNS) form blood-brain barrier; cells that come between capillaries & nerve cells to control substances entering the nervous system via the blood; protectors that screen out toxins like alcohol |
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| (neuroglia in the CNS) phagocytic cells that protect the nervous system from harmful bacteria (like WBCs; look like astrocytes) |
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| (neuroglia in the CNS) cilliated cells that help make & circulate cerebral spinal fluid & line the ventricles of the brain & spinal cord |
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| neuroglia that wrap around cell bodies in the PNS |
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| myelinated cells in the PNS that wrap around long processes (like axons of motor neurons or long dendrites) |
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| spaces of exposed axon between schwann cells in the PNS |
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| myelinated cells that wrap around nervous processes in the CNS |
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| form blood-brain barrier in the brain (CNS) |
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| phagocytic cells in the CNS that protect the nervous system from harmful bacteria (like WBCs) |
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| ciliated cells that make & circulate cerebral spinal fluid & line the ventricles of the brain & spinal canal |
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| bags around the CNS that hold cerebral spinal fluid |
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| bags around the CNS that hold cerebral spinal fluid |
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| protects & supports the CNS, made & circulated by ependymal cells; contained by meninges |
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| DCT covering peripheral nerves; outermost layer covering nerve |
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| DCT around individual neural cell processes |
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| Schwann cells are deep/superficial to endoneurium |
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| nerves (myelinated long processes) |
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| white matter in CNS (myelinated long processes) |
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| gray matter in PNS (unmyelinated cell bodies, short dendrites, small/bipolar neurons) |
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| gray matter in CNS (unmyelinated cell bodies, short dendrites, small/bipolar neurons) |
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| house unmyelinated cell bodies |
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| dorsal root processes [afferent/ efferent] information from [unipolar/multipolar] neurons |
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| ventral root processes [afferent/efferent] information from [unipolar/multipolar] neurons |
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| one long motor neuron innervating its effector |
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| somatic nervous system (voluntary; skeletal muscle) |
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| 1 short motor neuron + 1 long motor neuron innervating its effector |
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Definition
| sympathetic nervous system (involuntary; stimulatory; cardiac muscle + smooth muscle + glands) |
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| 1 long motor neuron + i short motor neuron contained within the effector |
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| parasympathetic nervous system (involuntary; inhibitory; cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, & glands) |
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