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| 80 bones; cranium + facial bones + hyoid + ear ossicles + vertebrae + ribs |
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| protects brain + serves as a point of attachment for muscles of head & neck |
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| frontal + 2 parietals + occipital + 2 temporals |
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| mastoid sinus infection, which can lead to brain infection; VERY strong antibiotics prescribed |
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| interlocking joints where cranial bones meet; coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, & squamous |
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| L&R temples, includes mastoid processes |
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| L parietal + R parietal; cranial midline where parietal bones meet superiorly |
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| occipital bone + parietal bones meet posteriorly |
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| parietal bones + temporal bones meet on lateral aspects of skull |
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| functions of facial bones |
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| framework for face; contain cavities for sensory organs (sight, smell, taste); openings for passage of food & air; secure teeth: ALVEOLI= sockets that hold teeth in maxilla & mandible |
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| sockets that hold teeth in maxilla & mandible |
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| sockets that hold teeth in maxilla & mandible |
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| mandible + vomer + maxilla + 2 palatines + 2 zygomatics + 2 lacrimal + 2 nasal + 2 inferior nasal concha |
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| origin of tongue muscle & the ONLY bone that does not articulate with any other bone in the body; secured by connective tissue & ligaments |
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| only bone that does not articulate with any other bone |
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| connective tissue & ligaments |
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| *lateral* malleus (hammer) + incus (anvil) + stapes (stirrup) *medial* ; gill bars of embryo make hyoid bone, ear ossicles, & larynx |
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| form hyoid bone, ear ossicles, & larynx |
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| forms hyoid bone, ear ossicles, & larynx |
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| ear ossicles, medial to lateral |
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| ear ossicles, lateral to medial |
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| anchor points for muscles & ligaments |
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| where blood vessels & nerves pass through vertebrae |
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| depression or hollow in bone |
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| cervical (7); thoracic (12); lumbar (5); sacrum (5 fused); coccyx (4 fused) |
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| foramina in transverse processes |
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| spinous process is inferiorly angled; body is heart-shaped; all articulate with the ribs |
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| triangular shaped bone w/ 4 sacral foramina |
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| 4 fused vertebrae, no foramina |
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| abnormal lateral curvature of vertebrae; most commonly occurs in THORACIC vertebrae, in females; typically shows up in puberty but can be corrected with surgery or back brace if caught before epiphyseal plates have fused |
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| abnormal lateral curvature of vertebral column |
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| dorsally exaggerated curvature; most common in elderly; result of osteoporosis & muscle atrophy |
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| dorsally exaggerated curvature |
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| exaggerated anterior curvature of lumbar region; commonly developed but easily corrected, especially in pregnant women & men with beer bellies |
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| exaggerated anterior curvature of lumbar spine |
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| back problem common in pregnant women & men with beer bellies |
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| rupture of outer interverebral disc & protrusion of inner disc; pressure on nerves; causes loss of sensation or extreme pain; new outpatient treatment, no anesthesia, laser vaporizes fluid |
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| rupture of outer intervertebral disc & protrusion of inner disc |
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| "herneated/ slipped disc"; applies pressure to nerves, which causes either loss of sensation or extreme pain. new outpatient treatment: laser vaporizes fluid |
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| 12 pairs (24 ribs) connect to manubrium, sternum, & xiphoid process |
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| true ribs: all articulate with sternum via 1:1, w/ costal cartilage |
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| pairs 1-7; all articulate with sternum via 1:1, w/ cartilage |
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| false ribs; do not articulate directly w/ sternum, instead articulate w/ previous rib or previous cartilage |
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| pairs 8-12; do not articulate directly w/ sternum, instead articulate w/ previous rib or previous cartilage |
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| joined to sternum via costal cartilage NOT ARTICULATING |
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| joined to sternum via costal cartilage (NOT ARTICULATING) |
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