Term
| What is the scientific name for the domestic ferret? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the length of Mustela putorius furo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male ferrets are known as..? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Female ferrets are known as..? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a castrated hob called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average weight of a jill? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a spayed jill called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much does season fat storage increase in ferrets in the fall/winter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal, "wild type" color of a ferret? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the description of a sable/fitch? |
|
Definition
| Black guard hairs with cream/buff undercoat and black feet, tail, and mask. |
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|
Term
| What are two other naturally occuring coat colors of the ferret? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Any body color with white paws |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sable with white chest and feet, often with some white in mask making it indistinct. More white apears with every molt until the coat is almost all white. |
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Term
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Definition
| Born white and remains white with black eyes (not albino) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What can occur if breeding silver mitts to silver mitts or black-eyed whites to black-eyed whites? |
|
Definition
Fetal reabsorption
Abortion
Severe congenital abnormalities |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What predisposes ferrets to hyperthermia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for a ferrets' objectionable body odor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what positions are the ferret anal glands located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the ferret anal glands produce? |
|
Definition
| Serous yellow liquid that has a powerful smell, lasts only a few minutes and cannot be projected distances |
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|
Term
| When do ferrets secrete their anal gland musk substance? |
|
Definition
| When frightened or very excited |
|
|
Term
| What are baby ferrets called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When is descenting performed? |
|
Definition
| At 3-4 weeks when kits are spayed/castrated |
|
|
Term
| What is the ferret vertebral formula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many ribs do ferrets have? |
|
Definition
| Usually 15 on each side but sometimes 14 on each side or 15 on one and 14 on the other |
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|
Term
| What is the shape of a ferrets Os penis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the GI transit time of a ferret? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The digestive system of a ferret does not contain what two things? |
|
Definition
| No cecum or ileocolic valve |
|
|
Term
| Why do ferrets digest fiber/CHO poorly? |
|
Definition
| They have no cecum or ileocolic valve |
|
|
Term
| Where is the heart of a ferret located? |
|
Definition
| Between the 6th and 8th ribs, apex approx. 1cm from diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| How many rings does the trachea of a ferret have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How much urine does the bladder of a ferret hold? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the natural breeding season of the jill? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the natural breeding season of the hob? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does the hobs breeding season begin earlier than the jills? |
|
Definition
| Likely as a functional adaptation to allow for adequate maturation of sperm |
|
|
Term
| What happends in ferrets if breeding does not result in pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does pseudopregnancy last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ovulation is induced by copulation, associated with pressure on the cervix |
|
|
Term
| How long after copulation does ovulation occur in jills? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is the gestation of a ferret? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Of ones own country; tame |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| To tame and breed for human use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Changed from wild to a domesticated state; said of animals trained for use by humans |
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Term
|
Definition
| To wander; roam; a person or animal that has strayed and is lost |
|
|
Term
| Living or growing in its natural state and not normally domesticated or cultivated. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Foreign; not native to the place where found (usually thought of in terms of counry of origin); strikingly, excitingly or mysteriously different or unusual. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Belonging to a locality or country by birth, production, or growth; as found naturally, not altered by man. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Untamed; wild; having returned to a wild state |
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|
Term
| Prevalence in or restricted to a particular area; native to a particular county, nation, or region; constantly present in a particular region; said of a disease that is generally under control. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Affecting animals in a certain area, climate, or season; said of diseases; endemic within animal population. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Prevalent and spreading rapidly among many individuals in an area at the same time; said especially of a serious contagious disease. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for bordetella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can be awake/asleep day or night |
|
|
Term
| Ferrets are typically active how much of the day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is optimum temperature for ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the max humidity a ferret can tolerate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the max temperature a ferret can tolerate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unweaned kits need a temperature of atleast..? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the protein requirements for a non-breeding adult ferret? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the fat requirements for a non-breeding adult ferret? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Food for kits should be moistened until what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should animals not be fed raw meat or eggs? |
|
Definition
| Likelihood of bacterial contamination that may result in food-borne illness |
|
|
Term
| What is a supplement given to ferrets for hairball prevention? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two fatty acid supplements that are given to ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are other supplements that can be given to ferrets? |
|
Definition
Nutrical
Meat based baby foods |
|
|
Term
| How often should ferrets be bathed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do the permanent teeth of a ferret erupt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only documented zoonotic disease of ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often should ferrets be taken for veterinary exams? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After what age should ferrets be taken for veterinary exams biannually? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ferrets are very susceptible to what virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How fatal is CDV is ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two CDV vaccines given for ferrets? |
|
Definition
Purevax Ferret Distemper
Fervac D |
|
|
Term
| What can happen if canine vaccines are used in ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only RV vaccine approved for use in ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should RV vaccine be given to ferrets? |
|
Definition
| 3 months, then boostered annually |
|
|
Term
| What is the smallest dosage of heartworm prevention used for ferets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common ectoparasites seen in ferrets? |
|
Definition
Otodectes cyanotis (Ear Mites)
Fleas (Cat Flea)
Ticks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal and average body temperature for a ferret? |
|
Definition
Normal,100°- 104°F
Avg. 101.9°F |
|
|
Term
| What is the preferred anesthesia/chemical restraint for ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered a large blood sample in ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered a small blood sample in ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the blood volume in healthy adult ferrets? |
|
Definition
About 40mL (female)
About 60mL (male) |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used for sedation in ferrets for venipuncture? |
|
Definition
Isoflurane, ketamine/ace combination
Midazolam |
|
|
Term
| What is a normal PCV in ferrets? |
|
Definition
43-55%
Can be as high as 61% |
|
|
Term
| What kind of set is used when giving IV in a ferret? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much blood can be safely taken from a healthy large ferret for a blood transfusion? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does dental calculus lead to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for a GI foreign body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cause of gastroenteritis in ferrets over 3-4 yrs old? |
|
Definition
| Helicobacter mustelae infection |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of gastritis? |
|
Definition
Pytalism
Bruxism
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Weight loss |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of GI ulcerations? |
|
Definition
Vomiting
Melena
Halitosis
Anorexia
Lethargy
Sudden death |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rotavirus infection
High morbidity and mortality in kits 2-6 wks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis |
|
Definition
Coronavirus infection
aka "Green Slime Disease"
Consists of green and slimy diarrhea
Virus can be shed for 6mnths or more
Stool can become gold-yellow and have "birdseed" like appearance during recovery phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caused by prolonged estrus >1mnth secondary to failure to ovulate |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of hyperestrogenism? |
|
Definition
Swollen vulva w/ vaginal discharge
Pale mucous membranes
Subcutaneous hemorrhages (petechia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has to do with the spleen that is very common in ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can cause spleenomegaly? |
|
Definition
May be associated with no dz
OR
Can be associated with insulinoma and adrenal dz |
|
|
Term
| What are common endocrine dz in ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tumors of beta cells in pancreatic islets |
|
|
Term
| Insulinoma tumors produce excessive amounts of insulin resulting in what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How long can a ferret be fasted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can happen if a ferret is fasted for longer than 6 hrs? |
|
Definition
| Can cause serious hypoglycemic episode |
|
|
Term
| What is the tx for insulinoma? |
|
Definition
| SURGERY in ferrets < 5-6 yrs old |
|
|
Term
| Inhibits glucose uptake by peripheral tissues and increases hepatic gluconeogenesis thus increasing blood glucose. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibits insulin release by promoting hepatic glycogenolysis, stimulates gluconeogenesis and decreases glucose uptake by tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is often present in ferrets with insulinoma? |
|
Definition
Adrenal dz
Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Produce excessive amounts of estrogen precursors and androgens not cortisol. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common sign of adrenocortical dz? |
|
Definition
| Bilat symmetrical alopecia |
|
|
Term
| What are common respiratory dz in ferrets? |
|
Definition
Canine distemper virus
Influenza virus
Aspiration pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| How long is canine distemper virus shed in ferrets post exposure? |
|
Definition
| About 7 days through all body excretions |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of canine distemper virus in ferrets? |
|
Definition
Mucopurulent oculonasal discharge
Photophobia
Blepharospasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best prevention of canine distemper virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What human virus is zoonotic for ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of pneumonia in ferrets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three forms of cardiomyopathy in ferrets? |
|
Definition
Dilatative
Hypertrophic
Restrictive |
|
|
Term
| What test should be performed when cardiomyopathy is suspected in ferrets because signs and radiograph findings are similar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urinary tract infections in ferrets is more common in males or females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of urinary tract infection in female ferrets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parrot birds with two toes in front and two toes in back. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Song birds with 3 toes in front and one toe in back. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Large
Physically active
Social & vocal
Long, curved beak; long tail feathers
Featherless areas on cheeks
Intelligent and highly interactive
Need frequent training, structured play, and physical outlets for their abundant energy
Some are good talkers but generally have limited vocabulary
Learn tricks readily |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Facial patch turns red when excited |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Stout body with relatively short tail
Prone to obesity
Loud, active, usually outgoing, and playful
Tend to bond to one person and be aggressive toward others
Screaming, aggression are common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which are the more excellent talkers of the amazon parrots? |
|
Definition
Yellow-Naped Amazon Parrot
Double Yellow-Headed Amazon Parrot
Blue-Fronted Amazon Parrot |
|
|
Term
| Which are the more quieter spp of the amazon parrots? |
|
Definition
Orange-Winged Amazon Parrot
Festive Amazon Parrot
Mealy |
|
|
Term
Closely related to Amazon parrots but smaller, gentler, quieter, and less outgoing
Prone to obesity
Can become territorial and aggressive
Limited talking ability compared to Amazons
Produce a rapid "sniffing" sound when frightened or annoyed that is often mistaken for respiratory disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group of parrots produce a rapid "sniffing" sound when frightened or annoyed that is often mistaken for respiratory disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Smallest New World parrots
Forpus spp most popular as pets
Intelligent with feisty, mischevious dispositions similar to lovebirds
Limited speaking ability; whistle songs
Males more likely to speak than females
Active and playful
Good fliers/chewers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which are the smallest of the New World parrots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Loud, high resonance screams
"Busy" chewers
Generally not one person birds
Fair talking ability |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the Conures of the Aratinga sp? |
|
Definition
Sun Conure
Jenday Conure
Blue-Crowned Conure
Gold-Capped Conure
Dusky-Headed Conure
Half-Moon Conure
Peach-Fronted Conure |
|
|
Term
| Conures generally quieter than Aratinga sp and Nanday Conures? |
|
Definition
Patagonian Conure
Green-Cheeked Conure
Maroon-Bellied Conure |
|
|
Term
Colorful, hardy, small parrots
Fearless and playful, very energetic
Prone to screching and destructive behaviors if not kept entertained or given enough attention
Like to play on cage floor
Fair talkers byt can mimic sounds and learn tricks |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yellow Collared (Mini) Macaw |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double Yellow-Headed Amazon |
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are lavage and activated charcoal not recommended for birds? |
|
Definition
| Because they may aggravate the alimentary tract irritation or ulceration |
|
|
Term
| Dilution with _________ _____ or _____ is indicated in oral exposures for birds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When ocular exposure occurs (in birds), the patients eyes should be flushed with _______ ______ for ____________. |
|
Definition
Sterile Saline
5 to 10 minutes |
|
|
Term
| How is a dermal exposure treated in birds? |
|
Definition
| Treated by a thorough bath in mild hand liquid dishwashing soap followed by thorough rinsing in clear water. |
|
|
Term
| In birds, which jugular vein is larger than the other? |
|
Definition
| Right jugular is larger than the left |
|
|
Term
| What is important to remember when restraining a bird? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to remember not to compress the keel when restraining a bird? |
|
Definition
| Birds to not possess a diaphragm and must be allowed to move their chest to breathe |
|
|
Term
| In what position must a bird be held when being restrained? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might a bird regurgitate when being crop fed? |
|
Definition
| Undue pressure being applied to the keel and /or crop area from restraint |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common complication when crop feeding birds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the possible consequences of regurgitation in birds? |
|
Definition
Partial or complete tracheal obstruction
Aspiration pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| What are the contraindications of tube feeding birds? |
|
Definition
Crop stasis
Impactions of the gastrointestinal tract
Full thickness crop mucosal burns |
|
|
Term
| What can happen if crop tubes are not thoroughly cleaned and sterilized between uses? |
|
Definition
| Spread of infectious disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Moluccan/Salmon-crested Cockatoo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indian Ring-neck Parakeet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age do Ring-neck Parakeets get their rings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group of birds have a pronounced production of powder down that can produce allergic reactions in some people and some macaws? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sex of Eclectus parrots is green and which is red? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much does blood volume range in birds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approximately how much blood in body weight can be safely taken out of a healthy bird? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approximately how much blood in body weight can be safely taken out of a SICK bird? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum of total blood volume that can be safely collected from a bird for diagnostic testing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which veins, other than the jugular, can be used to collect blood from a bird? |
|
Definition
Medial Metatarsal Vein
Basilic |
|
|
Term
| What anatomic structure can be found ventral to the jugular vein of a bird? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What anatomic structure can be found dorsal to the jugular vein of a bird? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you not feed a pet bird? |
|
Definition
Chocolate
Alcohol
Onions
Avocado |
|
|
Term
| What is the main shaft of a birds feather called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are attached to a birds rachis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are attached to a birds barbs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what angles are barbules attached to barbs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what angle to barbules hook to nearby barbules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bone found in birds that represent the remnants of a thumb |
|
|
Term
| What are the phlebotomy sites in birds? |
|
Definition
Right jugular
Basilic
Medial metatarsal |
|
|
Term
| What are the three parts to bird droppings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An out-pouching of the esophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An immature feather which continues to have a blood supply until maturation is complete |
|
|
Term
| What should be done if there is a blood feather present during a wing trim? |
|
Definition
| Leave a mature feather on either side of the blood feather to keep the blood feather protected |
|
|
Term
| What should be done if several blood feathers are found before a trim? |
|
Definition
| Rescedule the trim until the blood feathers have matured |
|
|
Term
| What shoudl be done if a bird being tube fed begins to regurgitate? |
|
Definition
| Set the bird down and let it go immediately to allow the bird to concentrate on not aspirating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do birds have dark muscles? |
|
Definition
| Because of myoglobin to oxygen ratio |
|
|
Term
| What types of animals were seen on the field trip? |
|
Definition
Blue-headed Pionus
Sun Conure
Cockatiels
Rex Rabbit
Floppy-ear Rabbit
Guinea Pig
Guppies
Gouramis
Clown fish
Milk Snake
Corn Snake
Ball Python
Bearded Dragon |
|
|
Term
| What is the order of lizards and snakes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the suborder for lizards? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the suborder for snakes? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the suborder for worm lizards? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order for turtles? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the order for crocodiles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order for tuatara? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Reptiles that are egg-layers |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Reptiles that give birth to live young |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is different about a reptiles heart? |
|
Definition
Three chambers
Two aortic arches |
|
|
Term
| What is different about a crocodiles heart? |
|
Definition
Four chambers
Connection between right and left ventricles
Two aortic arches |
|
|
Term
T or F?
Snakes and crocodilians do not have a urinary bladder. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Like birds, snakes and crocodilians have a ______ and excrete uric acid. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Some aquatic turtles excrete ____. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Functions as photoreceptor with role in hormone production and thermoregulation |
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|
Term
| The parietal eye is located on the dorsal head and connected to the ____________ in the brain. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Vomeronasal (Jacobson's) organ |
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Definition
| Has chemosensory cells that pick up scent particles collected by the tongue and transferred when the tongue is retracted into the mouth |
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|
Term
| What type of lizards are venemous? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of lizards don't have an outer or middle ear? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which lizards have chromatophores in their skin allowing color change through light? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What factors contribute to color change in chameleons and anoles? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss or release of the tail |
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|
Term
| Chameleons have __________ tails. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Are boa's new world or old world? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Are pythons new world or old world? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of the world's species of snakes are venomous? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is different about the oral anatomy of a snake? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the eye-covering formed by a fusion of eyelids that is shed with the skin of a snake? |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of snakes have pit organs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the pit organs located in boas? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the pit organs located in pythons? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the pit organs located in vipers? |
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Definition
Between eyes and nares
Bilaterally |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Why should a snakes body be supported when being restrained by the head? |
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Definition
| Snakes have only one occipital condyle which can become dislocated |
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|
Term
| What is the largest group of turtles? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Living tissue made up of dermal bone covered with epidermal scales or soft skin and fused to the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae, and ribs |
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|
Term
| What is the upper portion of a turtles shell called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the bottom portion of a turtles shell called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process of ecdysis? |
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Definition
| Lymph and enzymes infiltrate and cause splitting of epidermis into cleavage zone between the old and new layers of skin |
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|
Term
| What contributes to the dull hazy bluing of the skin and eyes in snakes about to molt? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Total blood volume of a reptile = ? |
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Definition
| 5-8% of body weight in grams |
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|
Term
| What are the venipuncture sites of a lizard? |
|
Definition
Ventral coccygeal vein
Jugular vein
Ventral abdominal vein |
|
|
Term
| What are the venipuncture sites of a snake? |
|
Definition
Ventral coccygeal vein
Palatine-pterygoid vein
Jugular veing
Cardiac |
|
|
Term
| How many ventricles do snakes have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can there be contamination of lymph fluid during a venipuncture in turtles? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the #1 cause of problems in captive reptiles? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is necessary in a reptile enclosure? |
|
Definition
Temperature
Light
Humidity
Landscaping |
|
|
Term
| Which UV light increases apetite, stimulates activity and possibly reproduction? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which UV light has an important role in Vitamin D3 synthesis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is necessary for calcium absorption in reptiles? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of bulb was specially developed for reptiles, supplies both UV-A and UV-B light plus heat and lasts about a year? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What substrate is not recommended for any reptile? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Herbivorous reptile diets should be..? |
|
Definition
Rich in calcium
Low in phosphorus
Low in protein |
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|
Term
| What plants and vegetables are good to feed herbivorous reptiles? |
|
Definition
Collard
Turnip
Mustard greens
Parsley
Romaine
Dandelion
Hibiscus
Rose flowers
Plantain leaves |
|
|
Term
| What types of vegetables should be avoided when feeding herbivorous reptiles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common causes of Metabolic Bone Disease? |
|
Definition
Calcium deficient diets
Lack of Vitamin D3
Improper calcium to phosphorus ratio in diet |
|
|
Term
| What are some common reptile species? |
|
Definition
Boa Constrictor
Burmese Python
Ball Python
Florida Kingsnake
Corn Snake
Uromastyx
Bearded Dragon
Bearded Dragon
Green Iguana
Leopard Gecko |
|
|
Term
| Where are toxins released from in Bufo toads? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do Bufagenins and Bufotoxins work? |
|
Definition
| Block the transport of sodium out of and potassium into cells |
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|
Term
| What are the signs of exposure to Bufo toads in dogs? |
|
Definition
Hypersalivation
Vomiting
Anxiety
Hyperemic mucous membranes
Fever
Tachypnea
Neurologic abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| Bufo toad toxicity can lead to major complications, if left untreated, such as...? |
|
Definition
Cardiac arrythmias
Cyanosis
Collapse
Death |
|
|
Term
| What treatment should be done immediately at home if Bufo toad exposure occurs? |
|
Definition
| Flush mouth with tap water with head facing down for approximately 5 minutes |
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|
Term
| Why should lizards and snakes be handled first before turtles when examining a mixed reptile collection? |
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Definition
| To avoid the spread of possible amoeba flagellates |
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|
Term
| What bacteria can betransmitted from reptiles? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Kidneys are not usually palpable in reptiles unless..? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Petechiae can ecchymosis in turtles are a sign of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the heart rate of a reptile measured? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many subcaudal scale lengths will a probe reach in male snakes? females? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are common causes of dysecdysis? |
|
Definition
Poor husbandry
Management problems
Low humidity/temperature
Poor nutrition |
|
|
Term
| Why should lizards never be captured by their tail? |
|
Definition
| Many species have a natural predatory response to voluntarily "drop" or autotomize their tail in an attempt to escape predation |
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|
Term
| What is another good way to calm and restrain large lizards? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the vagal response induced? |
|
Definition
| By gently applying digital pressure to both eyes for a few seconds to minutes |
|
|
Term
| How do patients respond to the vagal response restraint? |
|
Definition
Decrease in heart rate
Decrease in blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| What is the order of the domestic rabbit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the scientific name of the domestic rabbit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the family of the domestic rabbit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 genera of Leporidae? |
|
Definition
Sylvaligus (cottontail)
Lepus (hare, jackrabbit)
Oryctolagus (rabbits) |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of rabbit breeds? |
|
Definition
Lop-eared
Short-eared (dwarves)
Woolly |
|
|
Term
| What can rabbits transmit to guinea pigs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the second set of upper incisors in a rabbit called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major difference between lagamorphs and rodents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Space between incisors and cheek teeth |
|
|
Term
| What is often a problem in brachycephalic dwarf and lop rabbit breeds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Improperly alligned teeth |
|
|
Term
| Why are rabbits not able to vomit? |
|
Definition
| Anatomic arrangement of cardia and fundus |
|
|
Term
| How long is the GI tract of a rabbit? |
|
Definition
| About 10 times the length of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest organ in the abdomen of a rabbit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does fermentation occur in a rabbit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does fermentation occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many types of feces do rabbits have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the small, soft, mucus coated rabbit feces called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for cecotroph? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do rabbits do with cecotrophs? |
|
Definition
| Ingest directly from anus during early morning hrs |
|
|
Term
| Why do rabbits ingest night feces? |
|
Definition
| Recycling and assimilation of B vitamins, protein, and water |
|
|
Term
| When does cecotrophy begin? |
|
Definition
| Between 2-3 wks of age corresponding to when the baby rabbits start to eat solid food |
|
|
Term
| What should rabbits be fed? |
|
Definition
Good quality grass hay
Green leafy vegetables
Limited quality commercial rabbit pellets |
|
|
Term
| What causes gastric trichobezoars? |
|
Definition
Inadequate dietary roughage
Not enough hay |
|
|
Term
| What are the three diarrhea syndromes that occur in pet rabbits? |
|
Definition
Accute (in young, newly acquired rabbits)
Chronic (in older animals)
Antibiotic-induced (enterotoxemia) |
|
|
Term
| What does enterotoxemia result from? |
|
Definition
| Secretion of bacterial toxins |
|
|
Term
| What is the best documented cause of enterotoxemia in rabbits (especially juveniles)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does colonization occur in the GI tract of a rabbit? |
|
Definition
With stress
After tx w. certain antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| What should not be administered to rabbits? |
|
Definition
Penicillins
Ampicillin
Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Lincomycin
Cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| Describe the reproductive tract of a doe rabbit? |
|
Definition
Bicornate uterus (two uterine horns)
Double cervix
4-5 pairs of mammary glands
Elongated vulva w. slit-like opening |
|
|
Term
| Where are the scrotal sacs of a buck rabbit located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do buck rabbits have an os penis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do buck rabbits have nipples? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is located on either side of both sexes of rabbits? |
|
Definition
| Inguinal (perineal) pouches containing scent glands |
|
|
Term
| When does sexual maturity occur in rabbits? |
|
Definition
Small breeds = about 4-5 mnths
Medium breeds = about 4-6 mnths
Large breeds = about 5-7 mnths |
|
|
Term
| What is the estrous cycle of a rabbit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the cycle of a doe rabbit described? |
|
Definition
| Periods of receptivity lasting 4-17 days interspersed w. 1-2 day periods of inactivity during which a new "wave" of follicles is formed |
|
|
Term
| What kind of ovulators are rabbits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| About 9-13 hrs after coitus |
|
|
Term
| What happens when rabbits are improperly restrained and allowed to kick out? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rabbits are obligate ____ breathers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major respiratory dz of rabbits and probably the most important? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of pasteurellosis? |
|
Definition
Pasteurella multocida
Gram negative
Oval rod bacterium |
|
|
Term
| Rhinitis (Snuffles) is characterized by what symptoms? |
|
Definition
| Serous to mucopurulent nasal and/or ocular discharge |
|
|
Term
| Otitis media/interna is characterized by what symptoms? |
|
Definition
Torticollis (head tilting)
Other neurologic signs
Scratching at base of ear |
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of torticollis? |
|
Definition
Ear infection
Ear mites
Head trauma |
|
|
Term
| What is the ear mite ususally found in rabbits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are ear mites treated in rabbits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should a rabbit be returned to its cage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best site for venipuncture in a rabbit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two ear canals of a rabbit called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average blood volume of most rabbits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of the blood volume is safe to withdraw in a rabbit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most common sites for venipuncture in rabbits? |
|
Definition
Jugular
Cephalic
Lateral Saphenous
Marginal Ear
(Veins) |
|
|
Term
| Which venipuncture sites are the best choices for large-volume blood draws in rabbits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should hair be removed from a rabbit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should rabbit hair be plucked instead of shaved? |
|
Definition
| Rabbit skin is very delicate and can become easily torn by clippers if being shaved |
|
|
Term
| Why are pine and cedar not goot beddings for bunnies, guinea pigs, rats, mice, or any small animal? |
|
Definition
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