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| moon getting bigger from right to left |
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| When will a full moon rises? |
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| rises at noon, sets at midnight |
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| rotations of earth's axis itself: makes one complete circle in about 26,000 years |
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| equal amount of day and night hours |
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| either longer day and shorter night or shorter day longer night |
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| What comprises(makes) a constellation? |
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| Motion of Sun through constellations |
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| degrees north or south of celestial equator |
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| measured in hours, minutes, and seconds eastward from position of Sun at vernal equinox |
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| apparent motion of object against distant background from two vantage point |
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| for an eclipse to be occur what has to be in a straight line? |
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| Kepler’s first Law of Planetary Motion |
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| The orbital paths of the planets are elliptical (not circular), with the Sun at once focus |
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| Kepler’s second Law of Planetary Motion |
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| an imaginary line connecting the Sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas of the ellipse in equal interval of time |
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| Kepler’s third Law of Planetary Motion |
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| the square of a planets' orbital period is proportional to the cube of its semimajor axis |
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| Newton’s first Law of Motion |
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| object at rest will stay at rest, object moving will keep moving unless an external force acts on it |
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| Newton’s second Law of Motion |
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| when a force is exerted on an object, its acceleration is inversely proportional to its mass |
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| Newton’s third Law of Motion |
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| for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
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| found sun spots, discover planets orbit the sun, earth is not center of all things, moon has mountains and valleys, venus has phases, jupiter has moons |
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| Celsius, Fahrenheit, kelvin |
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| add 273 to 100, subtract 273 if from K to C |
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| Velocity, Wavelength, Frequency |
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| number of wave crests passing any given point per unite time |
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| displacement (distance plus direction) per unit time |
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| number of meters needed for the wave to repeat itself at a given moment in time |
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| Electromagnetic Radiation |
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| another term for light, transfers energy and information from one place to another without physical contacts |
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| Oscillating electric and magnetic fields |
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| Radiation emitted by an object depending only on its temperature |
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| The blackbody, or Planck, curve represents the spread of the intensity of radiation emitted by any object over all possible frequencies. The arrow indicates the frequency of peak emission. |
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total energy emission ~ temperature
Temp.^4 |
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| motion-induced change in the observed frequency of a wave |
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| Reflection of light from a flat mirror occurs when light is deflected. A curved mirror can be used to focus to a single point all rays of light |
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Refraction by a prism changes the direction of a light ray. A lens can be thought of as a series of prisms. A light ray traveling along the axis of a lens is undeflected as it passes through the lens. Parallel rays arriving at progressively greater distances from the axis are refracted by increasing amounts in such a way that they all pass through a
single point—the focus. |
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| proportional to wavelength and inversely proportional to telescope size—bigger is better! |
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| an intrinsic property of waves, and limits telescope resolution depending on wavelength and size |
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| Similar to optical reflecting telescopes, 105-m-diameter device at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia, is 150 m tall—taller than the Statue of Liberty, can observe 24 hrs a day: clouds rain ans snow dont interfere, diff. frequency, get diff information |
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| The Hubble Space Telescope |
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| main mirror is 2.4 m in diameter and is designed for visible, infrared, and ultraviolet radiation |
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