Term
|
Definition
| a group of stars familiar to most people-usually part of a constellation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| those that the sun travles through in a year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the path the sun appears to follow across the backgroud of the stars throughout the year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Imaginary lines that run E and W on the globe and measure positions N and S of the equator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (meridians) inaginary lines that run N and S on the globe adn meaure locations E and W of a point zero |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an imaginary sphere that surrounds the earth. it appears to rotate around the earth once every 24 hours along an imaginary line extending from the earth's axes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divides the celestial shpere into 2 halves (just like the equator) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extentions of the Earth's N and S rotational axes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point on the celestial sphere directly overhead. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passes through both celestial poles and your zenith. This divides the sky into eastern adn western halves. A star rises in the eastern sky, crosses the merisian and sets in the western sky. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| great circle 90 degrees from your zenith- your "horizon" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| angular distance above the celestial horizon. Similar to latitude. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anular distance measured eastward from north around the celestial horizon to the point directly below the chosen position on the celestial sphere. Similar to longitude. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| locations are given by altitude adn azimuth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 referene points are
- Celestial equator
- location of the Vernal Equinox |
|
|
Term
| Declination (Dec)- (equivalent to latitude) |
|
Definition
| Measure of the angular distance above the celestial horizon |
|
|
Term
| Right Ascension (RA) (equivalent to longitude) |
|
Definition
| angular distance measured eastward from the vernal equinox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spinning of the earth about it's axis
1 rotation = 24 hours = days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
movement of the earth around the sun.
the obris is elliptical with the un at the focus.
travles at 67 MPH = year = seasons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a planet is close to the sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a planet is furthest from the sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the path the sun aappears to take against the background of the stars throughout the year.
travles eastward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wobble of the earth's axis
the 23.5 degree tilt is maintained while the direction of the axis points varies.
the period of the wobble is 26,000 years = 1 wobble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strike perpendicular to the earth's surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strike the earth's surface at some angle. the more inclined the rays, the less efficiently the earth's surface is heated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time interval between successive appearances of te sun on the meridian (i.e. time from one high moon to the next) Avg. length is 24 hours. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time it takes a star other than the sun to return to the meridian. Interval is 23 hrs. 56 mins 4 secs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Average solar day ( the longest apparent solar day in about 1 minute longer than the shortest apparent solar day) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| length of time it takes the sun to return to the vernal equinox (i.e. 1 year) the time is actually 365.24 days. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the moon is closest to the earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the moon is furthest from the earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| length of time required for the moon to return to the same position in the sky relative to the sun. Aprox. 295 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| length of time required for the moonto return to the same place among the stars. About 27.3 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less than half of the illuminated side is facig us |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more than half of the illuminated side is facing us |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the bright part of the moon is getting bigger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the bright part of the moon is getting smaller |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the time of oue complete rotation is equal to that of one complete revolution (thus we see the same side of the moon all the time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the only time an eclipse can occur. does not mean one will |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when the earth passes between the sun adn the moon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs if the allignment is imperfect. the shadow never completely covers the moon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs if the alignment is perfect. the entire lunar surface is obscured |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when the moon moves between the earth adn the sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central region of the shadow. A total eclipse is seen here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| within the shadow but outside the umbra. The eclipse is partial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs if teh alignment is imperfect. the shadow never completely covers the sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs if the allignment is perfect. the entire solar surface is obscured. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is no region of totality. a thin ring of sun can be seen around the moon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the earth is stationary at the center of the universe. all of the planets revolve around the earth in circular orbits. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
accounted for retrograde motion by using: epicycles and deferebt
Problem- as measurements became more precise, it failed to predice planetary motion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circular motion a planet takes on its obrit around the Earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circular path aroud the Earth. (whole curve) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proposed the heliocentric model of the universe. He figured it out! Divided planets into inferior adn superior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| states that the un is at the center of the universe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| planets that orbit inside the earth's orbit (mercury adn venus) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| planets that have larger orbital paths than Earth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
collected HUGE data set
Proposed wierd model |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mars adn earth had eliptical orbits
discovered mathematical relationship between the planets adn thisr periods of revolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1- a planet moves on an eliptical orbit with the sun at one focus.
2- a planet moves so that an imaginary line connecting the planet to the Sun sweeps out equal aread in equal intervals of time.
3- there is an underlying mathematic principle that governs the orbital motion of planets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of two fixed points on an ellipse that can be defined mathematically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ration between the distance between the foci to the length of the major axis
ranges form 0-1 0=circular 1=straight line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when a planet is close to the sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first to make detailed observations of the planets adn stars with a telescope.
Stars- many more than could be seen with naked eye
- stars did not get bigger when viewed throgh telescope.
Moon and sun
-moon was not smooth, had mts. and valleys
-viewed sun sopts moving on the sun
-saw satelites orbiting Jupiter
-saw that Venus had phases like the moon does (crescent, full)
Work was published in 1632 "The Dialogue" |
|
|
Term
| "The Dialogue" Galileo Galilei |
|
Definition
Published in Latin, had wide audiance
conflicted with the Catholic Church
was banned
Galilei was kicked out of church and spent the rest of his life under house arrest
church released ban 200 yrs. later
Galileo was exonerated in 1993 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| light buchet...gathers light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a lense that magnifies the image produced by the objective lens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a lens that produces an image by bendinglight froma distant object in such a way that the light converges at an area called the focal point.
produces a very small, bright image and the eyepiece lens enlarges the imagge so details can be seen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the point where refracted light converges. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the distance between the lense adn it's focal point
controled by the curvature of the lens |
|
|
Term
| highly curved = short focal length |
|
Definition
| slightly curved = long focal length |
|
|
Term
| disadvantages of refracting telescopes |
|
Definition
- chromatic aberation- lens focuses red adn blue light diffrently
-large lens is very heavy adn may cause warpage through time
-front and back surface must be ground adn polished, very difficult |
|
|
Term
| advantages of a reflecting telescope |
|
Definition
-no chromatic abrasion
-no warping with time
-no expensive adn time consuming pilishing |
|
|
Term
| properties of optical telescopes |
|
Definition
- light gathering power
-resolving power (can distinguish fine details)
-magnifying power
(high magnifying power= blury image) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the atmosphere absorbe light, at high altitudes the atmosphere is thinner adn absorbs less light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on mountain tops air is stable and doesn't blur the image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bright syk, hard to see stars. |
|
|
Term
| disadvantage fo radio telescope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using 2+ telescopes in tandem at the same time to observe the same object at the same wavelength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
distance form the earth to the sun = 93,000,000 mi x 40 = distance to pluto
pluto is 40 AU away |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
describes the shape of an orbit 0-1
highly eccentrig orbit is nearly elliptical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
predicts the distance to planets orbit fairly well.
the distance from planes a. to planet b. = X
the distance from planet b. to planet c. = 2X and so on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| should be a planet between Mars adn jupiter....but instead there's the asteroid belt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small solar system object in an eccentric orbit around the sun compused mostly of rock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area of the slar system extending fomr within the orbit of Neptune (30 AU) to 50 AU from the sun..on the same plane as the rest...may be as many as 100 million Kuiper Belt Comets. |
|
|
Term
| To Be a planet you must... |
|
Definition
1. brbit the sun
2. be big enough for gravity to squash you into a ball
3. have cleared other things out of your way in your orbital neighborhood |
|
|
Term
| To be a 'Dwarf Planet" you must... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the countless chunks of rock adn ice all orbiting on highly eccentric paths. ranges in size from that of largest asteroids to that of dust. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small solar system object in an eccentric orbit composed mostly of rock. Irregular in shape adn can range in size from 10 M to 1000 Kilometers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a solid body moving in space that is smaller than an asteroid adn bigger than a speck of dust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bright trail or streak that appears in the sky when a meteroid is heated to incandescence by friction with the earth's atmosphere. Also called a shooting star. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an event where meteors can be seen each hour. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the direction in the sky form hich a meteor enters the atmosphere and form which the shower meteors appear to radiate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any part od a meteroid that survives passage through teh atmosphere adn lands on the earth's surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"dirty snowalls" made of ice adn rock
travel at 60 70 km/sec
take hundreds+ years to complete an orbit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nucleus- solid rock
coma- dust adn gas
tail- water, gasses, dust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1- dust tail- composed os ionized atoms
2- ion tail- rich in microscopic dust particles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
