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| push or pull between electrically charged particles |
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| force between electrically charged particles arising from their motion |
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| an accelerating charged particle |
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| maximum deviation from its undsiturbed or relaxed position. The height it reaches from a straight line |
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| number of wave crests passing a point in space each second. Unit=cycles per second |
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| the unit of frequency/cycles per second |
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| time taken for one complete cycle |
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| distance a wave travels during one complete oscillation |
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| light spread out according to wavelength |
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| unit for measuring the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. 10^-6 |
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| the whole range of different wavelengths of light |
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| ultraviolet (UV) radiation |
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| light with wavelengths between 40 and 350 nm |
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| wavelengths shorter than 40 nm |
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| shortest wavelength shorter than 10^-10 meter |
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| light covering wavelengths between 700 nm and 500 micrometers |
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| wavelengths longer than infrared, between radio |
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| the emission of electrons from surfaces when the surfaces are illuminated by electromagnetic radiation greater than a certain frequency |
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| measures the total amount of energy a beam of light carries |
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| energy of light as broken into discrete packets called photons |
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| what a photon is referred to as |
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| branch of physics that deals with quantization of energy |
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| Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
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| we cannot know both the precise momentum and position of a particle |
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| the production of a photon when an atom decays to a lower-energy state |
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| bright, single colored feature in the spectrum of the cloud of gas |
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| the motion of a source toward or away from us changes the wavelength of the waves reaching us |
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| the rate at which the distance between you and the object is changing |
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| power (energy per second, watts) radiated |
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| emits as much thermal radiation as it absorbs |
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| the fraction of the sunlight that is reflected from a planet |
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| use lenses instead of mirrors |
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| curved surface refract the light from a distant object |
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| perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope, images form |
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| the diameter of the objective lens |
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| distance between the telescope lens and the images formed |
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| minimize chromatic aberration. Used by refracting telescopes |
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| specially curved mirror that sends an image to the focal point in a reflecting mirror |
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| folds light path from primary mirror to focal plane. Allows significant reduction in the length and weight of the telescope |
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| how clos two points of light can be to each other before a telescope is no longer able to split light into two seperate images |
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| limiting resolution that a given telescope can achieve |
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| limit on the resolution of a telescope on the surface of Earth caused by this atmospheric distortion |
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| light from a distant star arrivs at the top of Earth's atmosphere as a series of flat, parallel waves |
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| limited time interval in which the eye can add up photons |
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| likelihood that a particular photon landing on the retina will produce a response |
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| charge-coupled device CCD |
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| imaging application detector for telescopes. astronomers detector of choice |
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| spectrographs-spectrometers |
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| disperse light into its component wavelengths |
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| study of an objects electromagnetic radiation |
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| uses radio waves to see sky |
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| two or more seperate telescopes that combine their signals to create a stronger signal (more than two telescopes in a pattern, attain and exceed angular resolution by other telescopes) |
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