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| What is the modern term for the steady increase in the velocity of a falling body by 9.8m/s? |
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| Galileo discovered that acceleration of a falling object doesn't depend on what? |
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| What is Newton's first law of motion? |
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Definition
| A body continues at rest in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by some force |
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| what is Newton's second law of motion? |
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Definition
| The acceleration of a body is inversely proportional to mass, directly proportional to force, and in same direction as the force |
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| What is Newton's third law of motion? |
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Definition
| To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction |
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Definition
| the tendancy of a moving body to keep moving; rate of motion |
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Term
| And object's momentum is equal to velocity times what? |
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Definition
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Term
| AN EXAMPLE OF MOMENTUM IS... |
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Definition
| to toss a paper clip, it has low velocity and little momentum. A speeding bullet has high velocity and high momentum. |
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| Momentum depends on velocity and what? |
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Term
| What does the equivalence principle state? |
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Definition
| says that there is no observation you can make inside a closed spaceship to distinguish uniform acceleration and gravitation |
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Term
| What do physcists refer to gravity as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between Natural Motion and violent motion? |
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Definition
Natural Motion: a displaced object returns to it's natural place and motion
Violent Motion: a motion sustained by force |
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Term
| What the steady rate for acceleration of gravity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Galileo stated the Law of Inertia, which is what? |
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Definition
| in the absence of friction, a moving body on a horizontal plane will continue moving forever |
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Term
| What was Newton's first law of gravity based on? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| amount of matter in a body |
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Term
| what is the difference between a hypothesis and theory? |
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Definition
hypothesis: a single statement subject to testing
theory: an elaborate system of rules and principles that have been tested and applied |
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Definition
| A theory that has been so thoroughly tested that scientists have great confidence in it |
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Term
| Newton discovered that the curved path of the moon meant what? What did it require? |
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Definition
| It meant that it was being accelerated away from a single-path line and it required the prescense of force-gravity |
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Term
| What was Newton able to demonstrate about the force of gravity? |
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Definition
| the force of gravity between two objects is proportional to the product of their masses and obeys the inverse square law |
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Term
| what is the inverse square law? |
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Definition
| the force of gravity is inversely proportional to the square of the the distance between the two objects |
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Term
| what term do scientists use to describe how gravity can act at a distance? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does gravity explain orbital motion? |
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Definition
| Objects around earth are falling (being accelerated) toward Earth's center through gravity, and therefore, orbit the earth instead of follow a straight line |
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Term
| If there is no friction, what would happen? |
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Definition
| the object will fall around it's orbit forever |
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Term
| If an object is in a closed orbit, what kind of path is it following? |
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Definition
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Term
| To follow a circular orbit, an object must orbit with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the term for orbits that never return to their starting points? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two objects in orbit around each other actually orbit around what? |
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Definition
| their common center of mass |
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Term
| What do Newton's laws explain? |
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Definition
| Kepler's three laws of planetary motion |
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Term
| the planets move faster when closer to the sun and slower when farther away for what reason? |
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Definition
| they conserve angular momentum |
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Term
| what is the difference between energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy? |
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Definition
energy: ability to produce a change
Kinetic Energy: an objects energy of motion
Potential Energy: the energy an object has because of its position in a gravitational field |
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Term
| what is the unit of energy? |
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Definition
| caused by differences in the force of gravity acting on different parts of a body |
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Term
| how does the moon's gravity affect tides? |
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Definition
| moon's gravity pulls more strongly on the near side of Earth than on the center of Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| tides produced by the moon combined with tides produced from the sun at New and Full Moons. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the sun and moon work against each other to produce less extreme tides at quarter moons |
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Term
| How did Einstein describe motion and gravity? |
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Definition
| his special theory of relativity and general theory of relativity |
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Term
| What does special relativity say? |
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Definition
| says that uniform motion is relative (observers cant detect their uniform motion through space except by outside objects). This is known as the first known postulate |
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Term
| what is the second postulate (after special relativity)? |
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Definition
| the speed of light is constant |
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Term
| in special relativity, what two things are related? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the general theory of relativity? |
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Definition
| says a gravitational field is a curvature of space-time caused by presence of a mass. |
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Term
| if u drop a feather and a steel hammer on the moon, they should hit at the same moment. Why doesnt this happen on Earth? |
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Definition
| air resistance slows down objects |
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Term
| What is the differnce between mass and weight? |
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Definition
mass is matter in an object
weight is the force of gravity |
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Term
| an object when in an elliptical orbit, when farthest from earth, has a higher or lower velocity? |
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Definition
lower.
(its velocity is higher when its closer) |
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