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| A location that has the largest canyon in the Solar System. |
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| MarsGravity= ? EarthGravity |
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| No Matter what the composition or shape of the object,it fell with the _____ ____? |
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| A falling object feels a ____ ____ of gravity (g) |
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Governs the weight of objects on Planets and moons
Governs the orbits of probes and satellites(madmade) sent throughout the solar system
Governs the movement of gas molecules around the planet(holds an atmosphere) |
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Danish nobleman,brilliant astronomer and instrument builder
The greatest naked-eye astronomer of the pre-telescopic age
Man of passion and regal bearing |
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Inherited Tycho's data
Convinced the universe was governed by physical laws
Staunch Copernican |
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| Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) |
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| The orbits of the planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus |
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| Is a measure of how large the orbit is (average distance around the sun) |
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The measure of how "oval" the orbit is
Between 0-1
Higher thevalue, more oval the orbit
0 is a circle |
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| Equal areas in equal times, the planet must be changing speed during orbit |
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Point in orbit closest to the sun
Fastest planet speed |
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Point in orbit farthest away from sun
Planet speed at slowest |
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The larger the planet's orbit,the longer it takes to go once around the sun.
P^2=a^3 |
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Term
Described as a wave
This is light
Disturbance that carries energy at the speed of light |
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Definition
| Electromagnetic Radiation |
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Travels through a vacuum at the speed of light
Periodic changes in strengths of electric and magnetic fields
Does not need a medium to "wave" in |
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Term
c=299,792.458 km/sec
Constant for all light waves |
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| Broad sequence of all light from low to high wavelengths |
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Term
| Short wavelength or high frequency |
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Definition
| Ultraviolet, X-Rays, Gamma Rays |
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Term
| Long wavelengths or low frequency |
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Definition
| Radio waves, microwaves, Infrared |
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Term
Wavelengths: 4000-7000A
Frequencies: 7.5*10^14-4.3*10^14 waves/sec (Hz)
Red-Violet |
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Technique to determine the spectral lines of a atom, molecule, or mineral
Useful tool allowing insight into the internal energy structure of atoms
Useful tool to determine the presence (and amount of) of elements, ions, and molecules in objects in the universe |
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Term
| The pattern of light at specific wavelengths emitted by (or absorbed from) a light source |
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| Disperse light into its component colors |
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Light from a continuous spectrum through a vessel containing a cooler gas
Light is being absorbed by atoms in gas |
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Definition
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Term
| Each has a unique spectrum |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does each element have a characteristic line spectrum |
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Definition
It reflects the detailed structure of the atom
Depends on the number and arrangement of electrons in orbit around the nucleus
The energy structure of an element determines its chemical properties |
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Term
| From the object's spectrum we can learn which atoms and molecules are present, and in what proportions |
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Definition
| The importance of Spectroscopy |
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Rocky/Metal planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars |
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| Jovian Planets/Gas Giants |
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| Jovian Planets/Ice Giants |
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Low mass Rocky and Icy Bodies
Pluto, Eris, Ceres, MakeMake, Haumea |
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| Kuiper Belt Objects and Comets |
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Definition
| Small Solar System Bodies, ICY |
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| Small solar system bodies, Rocky |
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| Terrestrial in the inner solar system |
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| Jovian in the outer solar system |
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Counterclockwise orbit all in same direction and plane
Near ecliptic plane |
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Definition
| Basic properties of planets |
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| Largest of the terrestrial planets |
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| Three Terrestrial planets with atmospheres |
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| Surface of Terrestrial planets |
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| Solid, mostly silicates and Iron. High density |
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| Largest type of planet in SS |
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| Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
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| Thick H/He atmosphere, Liquid hydrogen mantle, small rock core |
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Definition
| Gas Giants, Jupiter and Saturn |
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| Thick methane atmosphere, liquid H/ice mantle, smaller rocky core |
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Definition
| Ice Giants (Uranus and Neptune) |
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Outer Solar system objects
More elliptical relative to other planets
Not dominant in their orbital neighborhoods |
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| Any natural satellite orbiting a planet or dwarf planet |
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| The Moon, Io, Eurpa, Ganymede, Callisto, Titan, Triton |
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Made of rock and metal
Most are found in main belt |
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Vaporizing bits of rock and metal
Sizes from grains of sand to boulders
Enter our atmosphere |
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Dirty smowballs (rock and ice)
Long tails of gas and dust are swept off its "nucleus" when it passes near the sun |
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| Class of icy/rock bodies orbiting beyond Neptune |
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| Objects that come through and from Kuiper Belt |
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| Period of comets in Kuiper belt |
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The elements that make up the molecules of Life.
Most common of elements
Found everywhere |
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Definition
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Term
| How are elements distinguished? |
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Definition
| By the number of protons in the nucleus |
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| Sum of number of protons and number of neutrons |
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| Similar chemical properties |
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Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
Chemically identical to original but different masses |
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| 80% Hydrogen, 20% Helium, trace amounts of other elements |
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Definition
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| Each element and molecule has a unique spectrum |
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Definition
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| Number of elements in our sun |
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Definition
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Term
Hydrogen
Helium
Oxygen
carbon
Neon
Nitrogen
Silicon
Iron
Magnesium
Sulfer |
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Definition
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Term
| The particular cloud that gave birth to our solar system |
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| Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but only transformed from one form to another |
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Definition
| The law of conservation of energy |
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Term
| The total amount of "circular motion" of an object (or set of objects)must be conserved. |
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Definition
| Conservation of angular momentum |
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| Particles that grew to the size of mountains or larger |
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| The general process by which particles stick together and grow larger |
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| A stream of charged particles continually blown outward in all directions from the sun |
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| Temperature of this planet reaches 425 C |
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| The atmosphere of this planet contains sulfuric acid and other chemicals that are toxic to us |
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Definition
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| Carbon Dioxide makes up this percentage of our atmosphere |
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| Believed to have liquid water underground due to internal heat |
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| This caused Mars to freeze over 3 billion years ago |
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| Outer cores contain water, methane, and ammonia. Odd "Oceans" |
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Definition
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| A spacecraft goes past a world just once and then continues on its way |
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Definition
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Term
| A spacecraft that orbits the world it is studying, allowing longer-term observation during repeated orbits |
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| These spacecraft are designed to land on a planet's surface or probe a planet's atmosphere by flying through it. |
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| A mission with a spacecraft that is designed to return to earth carrying a sample of the world it has studied. |
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| The process by which molecules escape from a solid |
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Definition
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| The process which molecules escape a liquid |
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| The longest wavelength of light |
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Definition
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Term
| bright lines on a dark background |
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Definition
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| smooth light across a broad spectrum |
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Definition
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| dark lines on a continuous background |
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Definition
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| Any dense object emits continuous light that is a characteristic of the object's surface temperature |
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| Discovered simple geometric relationships that allowed him to calculate each planet's orbital period around the sun and its relative distance from the sun in terms of Earth-Sun distance |
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| Force pushing galaxies apart |
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| Largely made of Hydrogen, helium and hydrogen compounds |
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| The source of Earth's original atmosphere |
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Definition
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| The movement and recycling of rock between the surface and the interior |
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Definition
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| Protects Earth from solar winds energetic particles |
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Definition
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| 5 places known to have volcanic activity |
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Definition
| Earth, Mars, Venus, Io, Enceladus |
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Term
| 4 places known to have Canyon/valley Formation |
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Definition
| Earth, Mars, Venus, Titan |
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Term
| 3 places known to have coastline formations |
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Definition
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| 6 places known to have atmosphere cloud formation |
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Definition
| Earth, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Titan |
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Term
| 5 Places known to have storm activity |
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Definition
| Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, Neptune |
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Term
| Years it takes Halley's comet |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecules formed on ___ ___ ___ ___ and moons |
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Definition
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Term
| made from molten rock that cools and solidifies |
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Definition
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| rock that has been structurally or chemically transformed by high pressure or heat that was not quite hot enough to melt it |
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Definition
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| rock that is made by the gradual compression of sediments such as sand and silt at the bottom of seas and swamps |
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| The effect that makes a planet's surface warmer than it would in the absence of an atmosphere |
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