Term
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Definition
| Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways making them more responsive to a variety of triggers leading to bronchoconstrition with reduced airflow |
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Term
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Definition
- Wheezing
- Breathlessness
- Chest Tightness
- Cough
- Inflammation of Bronchial walls
- Increased mucus secretion
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Term
| Endogenous Risk Factors of Asthma |
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Definition
Genetic Predisposition
Atopy
Airway Hyperresponsiveness |
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Term
| Environmental Risk Factors of Asthma (5) |
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Definition
- Indoor Allergens
- Outdoor allergens
- Occupational sensitizers
- Passive smoking
- Respiratory Infections (RSV, Mycoplasma)
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Term
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Definition
- Allergens
- Upper Respiratory Tract Viral Infections
- Exercise and Hyperventilation
- Cold Air
- Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Irritant Gases
- Drugs (aspirin)
- Stress
- Irritants (Household sprays, paint fumes)
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Term
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Definition
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Evidence of allergen sensitization
Without evidence of allergen sensitization |
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Term
| Bronchospasm caused by (5) |
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Definition
- Respiratory infections
- Environmental exposure to irritants
- Cold air
- stress
- exercise
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Term
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Definition
Stimulates B cells to produce IgE
SECRETED BY TH2
FIRST STEP - ATOPIC |
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Term
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Definition
Activates recruited eosinophils
FIRST STEP - ATOPIC |
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Term
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Definition
stimulates mucus secretion from bronchial submucosal glands
FIRST STEP - ATOPIC |
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Term
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Definition
Fxn: to attract eosinophils
FIRST STEP - ATOPIC |
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Term
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Definition
Inflamatory mediators induce bronchospasm directly.
Triggers Bronchoconstriction.
EARLY PHASE REACTION (MAST CELLS) |
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Term
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Definition
Triggers Bronchoconstriction
Induce bronchospasm directly or via neuronal reflexes.
EARLY PHASE |
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Term
| Vasodilation and Increased vascular permeability triggered by (5) |
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Definition
- Leukotrienes C4,D4,E4
- Prostaglandin
- Histamine
- Platelet-activating factor
- Cytokines
- EARLY PHASE
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Term
| Increased Mucus Production caused by (3) |
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Definition
IL 13
Submucosal gland hyperplasia
Increased number of goblet cells |
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Term
| Inflammation and Leukocyte recruitment triggered by (2) |
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Definition
- Chemokines from Mast Cells
- Cytokines released from epithelial cells - response to infectious agents, drugs, gasses or mediators
- LATE PHASE
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Term
Degranulation of Mast cells caused by:
(4) |
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Definition
Complement component (C5a and C3a, anaphylatoxins)
Chemokines (Interleukins)
Drugs (Codeine and morphine)
Physical Stimuli (Heat, Cold, Sunlight) |
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Term
| Polymorphism in These Cytokines |
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Definition
IL-3,4,5,9,13
13 being the strongest association |
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Term
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Definition
| Some of the class II HLA alleles induce IgE antibody production toward antigens/allergens |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhanced proliferation of bronchial smooth muscle cells and bronchial hyperreactivity |
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Term
| Subphenotype (4) by triggers |
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Definition
Seasonal
Excercise
Drug Induced
Occupational
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Term
| Atopic Asthma Pathophysiology |
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Definition
- Exposure to environmental triggers
- Genetic predisposition to type 1 hypersensitivity
- Strong TH2 reactions against environmental antigens
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Term
| Monocyte receptor for endotoxin |
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Definition
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Term
| B2-adrenergic receptor Gene |
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Definition
| responsible for hyper responsiveness |
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Term
| Epithelium damage increases Airway HyperResponsiveness |
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Definition
- Loss of barrier fxn - easier allergen penetration
- loss of enzymes that neutralize inflam mediators
- loss of epithelial derived relaxant factor
- exposure of sensory nerves enhances neuronal reflexes and bronchoconstriction
- airway constriction/bronchospasm
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Term
| Produced by epithelial cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Leukotrienes secreted by? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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