Term
| The hallmark sign of asthma is: |
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Definition
| wheezing from bronchoconstriction which is often assoc w cough, dyspnea & sputum |
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Term
| there are 491 genes responsible for beta2 expression which leads to: |
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Definition
| multiple genetic asthma subtypes |
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Term
| why are Sx usually worse at night or in the early am? |
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Definition
| fluxuation of internal steroid hormones |
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Term
|
Definition
| genetic predisposition + exposure to irritants |
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Term
| pathophysiology of asthma: |
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Definition
| prolonged inflammatory response leads to hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle and mucus glands which plugs small airways |
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Term
|
Definition
1. reactive airway disease
2. exercise induced
3. cough variant
4. typical |
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Term
| Reactive airway disease (RAD) |
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Definition
| usually pediatric Dx, asthma Sx assoc w resp illness |
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Term
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Definition
| no airway inflammation but bronchoconstriction occurs post exercise; evaporation from mucus membranes to humidify air leads to irritation. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the hallmark of asthma upon physical exam? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| when might an asthmatic present with deminished breath sounds wo wheezing? |
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Definition
| if the attack is severe & prolonged |
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Term
| how are PFT used in the management of asthma? |
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Definition
| measure the severity using spirometry and peak flow |
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Term
| exacerbation may cause ________ due to hyperventilation. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| in severe exacerbation describe the ABG |
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Definition
| PO2,O2sat%,pH will all decrease and CO2 will increase |
|
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Term
| define mild intermittent asthma: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| define mild persistent asthma: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| define moderate persistent asthma: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| define severe persistent asthma: |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Assessment and Monitoring: Rule of 2's |
|
Definition
1. had to use rescue inhaler 2x in one week
2. two nocturnal awakenings w Sx in one month
3. need more than 2 inhaler refills/yr |
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Term
| 5 primary pharmacotherapies for asthma: |
|
Definition
1. short acting bronchodilators (albuterol)
2. steroids (prednisone)
3. long acting bronchodilators
4. Combo lab/corticosteroids (adviar)
5. leukotriene modifiers (singulair) |
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Term
| what is the prefered Tx for long term therapy in all ages for asthma? |
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Definition
| ICS inhaled corticosteroids |
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Term
| if further measures are needed, what is a better idea than doubling the dose of ICS? |
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Definition
| ICS + long acting beta2 agonist |
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Term
| 6 step medicine approach to Tx: |
|
Definition
step 1: SAB prn
step 2: ICS + SAB
step 3: ICS + LAB
step 4: ICS + LAB + SABprn
step 5: high dose ICS + LAB + SABprn
step 6: high dose ICS + LAB + oral corticosteroid + SABprn |
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