Term
|
Definition
| epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer |
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Term
|
Definition
| hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails |
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Term
|
Definition
| protection, barrier, perception, temperature regulation, identification and communication, wound repair, absorbtion and excretion, production of vitamin d |
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Term
| what most easliy affects aging, and how? |
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Definition
| skin, because of loss of elastin, collagen and subcuatneous fat, number of sweat and sebaceous glands, and environmental factors accentuate aging |
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Term
| what happens when hair ages? |
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Definition
| their is a loss of melanocytes |
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Term
| what happens to nails when aging? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| melanin, which protects against UV rays |
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Term
| which parts of the skin are affected by hormones? |
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Definition
| mipples, areola, scrotum, labia majora |
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Term
| true or false: race affects body odor |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what layer of the skin are new cells created? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what layer of the skin is avascular? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| which layer of the skin is composed mainly of connective tissue? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the role of the subcutaneous layer? |
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Definition
| is contains fat tissue for energy, insulation, and cushion |
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Term
| which part of the nail is where new cells are formed? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what types of infections may be indicated in the nails? |
|
Definition
| fungal infections, endocrine disorders, nutritional disorders, poor circulation |
|
|
Term
| what is the role of sunlight for the body? |
|
Definition
| it converts cholesterol to vitamin d in the skin |
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|
Term
| which ethnicities are known to have less body odor? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is 20x more common in caucasians? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how have the inuit race adapted to colder weather? |
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Definition
| they sweat more on the face rather than the body |
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|
Term
| which skin conditions are more common in blacks? |
|
Definition
| keyloids and pigment disorders |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| subjective questions to ask the patient |
|
Definition
| history of skin disease? change in pigmentation? mole? dryness or moisture? itching? bruising? rash or lesion? medications? hair loss? change in nails? envir. or occup. hazards? self-care behaviors? delay in wound healing? pain? frequent falls? changes in feet/toenails? diabetes or peripheral vascualr disease? |
|
|
Term
| how to prepare for skin exam |
|
Definition
| make sure there are no external variables that influence skin color |
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|
Term
| equipment needed for skin exam |
|
Definition
| good lighting, small cm ruler, penlight, gloves |
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|
Term
| steps in PA inspect and palpate |
|
Definition
| color, temperature, moisture, texture, thickness, edema, mobility and turgor, vascualrity or bruising, lesions, hair, nails |
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|
Term
| what to check for skin color |
|
Definition
| pallor, erythema, cyanosis, jaundice |
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|
Term
| what to check for temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what to check for skin moisture |
|
Definition
| diaphoresis and dehydration |
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|
Term
| what to check for edema of the skin |
|
Definition
| is it generalized? bilateral or unilateral? grade of 1-4 |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| how quickly skin returns after rising |
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|
Term
| what to check for in lesions |
|
Definition
| color, elevation, pattern or shape, size, location, distribution, exudate |
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Term
|
Definition
| endocrine disorder that leads to extra, or shaggy hair |
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|
Term
| what to check for with hair |
|
Definition
| color, texture, distribution, lesions |
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|
Term
| hat to check for with nails |
|
Definition
| shape and contour, profile sign, consistency, color, capillary refill |
|
|
Term
| what is the normal and pre-clubbing degree markers? |
|
Definition
| normal- 160 pre-clubbing- 180 |
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|
Term
| ABCDE reule of self examination |
|
Definition
| Assymetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Elevation and elargement |
|
|
Term
| what are some common skin, hair, and nail problems with againg adults? |
|
Definition
| senile lentigines, seborrheic keratosis, moisture, skin tags, thickness, mobility and turgor, gray hair, loss of hair, brittle nails |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| use of tanning bed once a month increases your chance to have melignant melanoma by ___% |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how fast should capillary refill be in the fingertips? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| clubbing is a sign of ____ |
|
Definition
| respiratory or heart problems |
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|
Term
| lesions caused by trauma or abuse |
|
Definition
| pattern injury, hematoma, ecchymosis (large bruise) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atlas, axis, and cervical protuberance |
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Term
|
Definition
| preauricular, posterior auricular, occipital, submental, submandibular, jugulodigastric, superficial cervical, deep cervical, posterior cervical, supraclavicular |
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|
Term
| subjective head, face neck questions to ask the patient |
|
Definition
| headache? head injury? dizziness? neck pain? lumps or swelling? history of lumps or swelling? |
|
|
Term
| additional subjective health history questions to ask aging adult about head, face, and neck |
|
Definition
| if dizziness, how does it affect daily activities? can you drive safely? can you move around your house safely? does neck pain affect daily activities? |
|
|
Term
| physical exam of head and neck |
|
Definition
| skull size and shape, temporal area, facial structures, symmetry of neck, range of motion, lymph nodes, trachea, thyroid gland, CN5 trigeminal ( motor and sensory with clench teeth and cotton ball, CN7 facial (eyebrows, smile, puff cheeks, and taste on front 2/3), CN11 accessory (shrug shoulders, turn head) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| lymph node larger than 1 cm |
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|
Term
| 4 places to palpate lymph nodes |
|
Definition
| head and neck, axilla, epitrochlear (arm), and inguinal |
|
|
Term
| what to do if thyroid is enlarged |
|
Definition
| listen for bruit (turbulent blood flow) through bell of stethescope |
|
|
Term
| head, face, and neck observations is aging adult |
|
Definition
| temporal arteries may look twisted and prominent, senile tremors, lost teeth may make lower face look smaller, slow range of motion |
|
|
Term
| what is the outer layer of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the middle layer of the eye and its components? |
|
Definition
| choroid - ciliary body, iris, pupil, lens, anterior chamber |
|
|
Term
| what is the inner layer of the eye and its components? |
|
Definition
| retina- optic disc, retinal vessels, macula |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| constriction of the pupil when bright light shines on the retina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflex direction of the eyes toward an object attracting a person's attention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adaptation of the eye for near vision |
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|
Term
| things to check for in eye exam of aging adults |
|
Definition
| cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased intraocular pressure; affects peripheral vision; more common in african americans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breakdown of cells in the macula of the retina; affect central vision; more common in caucasians |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| when the eyes move together |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the conjunctiva |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease in elasticity of eye, which alters vision; can't see up close; happens to most adults around 40 |
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|
Term
| subjective questions to ask the patient in an eye exam |
|
Definition
| vision difficulty? pain? strabismus? diplopia? redness? swelling? watering, discharge? history? glaucoma? glasses or contact lenses? self care behaviors |
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|
Term
| additional subjective questions to ask aging adult in eye exam |
|
Definition
| glaucoma test? cataracts? eye dryness? decreased activities? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central vision (snellen eye chart), visual fields (confrontation test), extraocular muscle function (corneal light reflex, cover test, diagnostic positions test), inspect external occular strcutures (eyebrow, eyelid, lashes, eyeball, conjunctiva, sclera, lacrimal apparatus), inspect anterior eyeball (cornea, lens, iris, pupil (pupillary light reflex, size and shape, accommodation), ocular fundus |
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|
Term
| observasions that may be made in eye exam of aging adult |
|
Definition
| decrease in central acuity, decrease in eyebrow follicles, wrinkles or crows feet, decrease in tear production, loss of orbital fat, arcus senilis (cloudy cornea), less shine in retinal structures |
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|
Term
| Cranial nerves checked with the eye |
|
Definition
| 3- occulomotor, 4-trochlear, 6-abducens |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light, Accomodate |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eyelid doesn't cover the top part of the iris |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the external ear? |
|
Definition
| external auditory canal, tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the middle ear? |
|
Definition
| malleus, incus, stapes, eustachian tube |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the inner ear? |
|
Definition
| vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea |
|
|
Term
| levels of auditory system |
|
Definition
| peripheral, brainstem, cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| two types of hearing loss |
|
Definition
| conductive, sensorineural (perceptive) |
|
|
Term
| changes in the ear of an aging adult |
|
Definition
| otosclerosis, cilia become coarse and stiff, cerumen accumulate, prebycusis |
|
|
Term
| sunbjective ear questions |
|
Definition
| earaches, infections, discharge, hearing loss, environmental noise, tinnitus, vertigo, self-care behaviors |
|
|
Term
| preparation for an ear exam |
|
Definition
| position, clean the ear canal |
|
|
Term
| equipment needed for an ear exam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| external ear (size, shape, skin, tenderness, external auditory meatus),otoscopic exam (external canal, tympanic membrane), test hearing acuity (conversational speech, whisper test, weber test, rinne test) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| position: standing for vision screening, sitting at eye level |
|
|
Term
| equipment needed for eye exam |
|
Definition
| snellen eye chart, handheld visual screening, occulder, penlight, opthalmoscope |
|
|
Term
| function of brainstem and cerebral cortex in hearing |
|
Definition
| where is sound and what is sound |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vibrations better in damaged ear |
|
|
Term
| sensorineural hearing loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes up the nasal cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 paranasal sinuses? |
|
Definition
| frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hard and soft palates, uvula, tongue |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 salivary glands? |
|
Definition
| parotid, submandibular, sublingual, teeth |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the throat? |
|
Definition
| oropharynx, tonsils, masopharynx |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the mouth, nose, throat in an aging adult? |
|
Definition
| diminished smell and tatse, atrophic tissues, dental changes |
|
|
Term
| subjective nose questions to ask the patient |
|
Definition
| discharge? frequent colds? sinus pain? trauma? epistaxis? allergies? altered smell? |
|
|
Term
| subjective mouth and throat questions to ask the patient |
|
Definition
| sores or lesions? sore throat? bleeding gums? toothache? hoarseness? dysphagia? altered taste? smoking? alcohol? self-care behaviors? |
|
|
Term
| equipment needed for nose, mouth, and throat exam |
|
Definition
| otoscope, penlight, tongue blades, gloves |
|
|
Term
| nose, mouth, and throat exam |
|
Definition
| external nose, nasal cavity (nasal septum, turbinates), sinus areas, lips, teeth and gums, tongue, buccal mucosa, palate, uvula, tonsils, posterior pharyngeal wall |
|
|
Term
| changes in nose, mouth, and throat in an aging adult |
|
Definition
| loss of subcutaneous fat, gums receding, papillary atrophy (smmoth tongue), buccal mucosa thins |
|
|
Term
| nose, mouth, and throat cranial nerves |
|
Definition
| CN1 olfactory, CN 9 - glossopharyngeal (phonation), CN 10 - hypoglossal (gag relfex) |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the joints? |
|
Definition
| synovial and nonsynovial, cartilage, ligament, bursa |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| medial and lateral epicondyles, olecranon process of ulna |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the wrist and carpals? |
|
Definition
| radiocarpal joint, midcarpal join, metacarpophalangeal joints, interphalangeal joints |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest joint in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ball and socket; wide range of motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| femur, tibula, patella; hinge joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hinge joint; tibia, fibula, talus |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common reason people seek healthcare? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subjective questions to ask about joints |
|
Definition
| pain? stiffness? swelling? heat? redness? |
|
|
Term
| subjective questions to ask about muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subjective questions about bones |
|
Definition
| pain, deformity, trauma (fractures, sprains, dislocations) |
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