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| sudden awareness of the relationships among various elements that had previously appeared to be independent of one another |
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| permanent change in behavior that results from experience |
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| skills used to communicate and interact with others to assist status in the social structure |
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| the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one thing while ignoring others: sustained, selective, and divided |
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| the driving force behind all actions |
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| the background stimuli that accompany some foreground event |
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| a mental state that arises spontaneously, rather than through conscious effort. often accompanied by physiological changes |
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| the process of adapting to the environment, learning or becoming conditioned |
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| refers to how much the scores in a distribution spread out, away from the mean |
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| of the research in learning, no strategies have led to a better outcome than mastery learning, where the learner must master material before moving forward |
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| a prejudice in a general or specific sense |
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| a simple, efficient rule to explain how peopple make decisions, come to judgements and solve problems when all information is not available or when facing complex problems (these can work well in most situations, but can result in cognitive bias) |
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| the use of working hypotheses which are capable of being disproved using observation or experiment |
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| a mental process of analyzing or evaluating information, particularly statements or propositions that are offered as true |
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| the intellectual processes through which information is obtained, transformed, stored, retrieved, and otherwise used |
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| (Piaget) a hypothetical mental structure that permits the classification and organization of new information |
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| a way of mentally representing the world, such as a belief or an expectation, that can influence perception of persons, objects and situations |
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| a change in an environmental condition that elicits a response |
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| a learning technique which avoids grasping the inner complexities and inferences of the subject that is being learned, and focuses on the learner menmoraizing exactly the way it was read or heard |
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| an attempt to find a way of appropriately attaining a goal when that goal is not readily attainable |
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| a systematic procedure for solving a problem that works invariably when it is correctly applied |
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| a dynamic of being mutually responsible to and dependent on others |
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| the extent which a test produces a consistent, reproducible score |
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| the extent to which a test measure what it is intended to measure |
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| the rules which govern sentence structure |
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| the ability to process information with little or no effort |
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| in conditioning, the tendency for a conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to which the response was conditioned |
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| counterproductive to the individual |
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| refer to the individual instances of a concept that are stored in memory from personal experience |
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| a generalized concept, such as anxiety or gravity |
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| done to solve specific, practical questions |
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| refers to words that are immediately recognized on the basis of familiarity with their overall shapes |
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