Term
| Beginning around 1100 European crusaders battled who for control of what in what place? |
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Definition
| Muslims for the Holy Lands in Southwestern Asia |
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Term
| Whose court did Marco Polo reach in 1275? |
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Definition
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Term
| The trade of what from Asia was a porofitable market in Europe? |
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Definition
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Term
| When were spices and other Asian items introduced to the Europeans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What spices did Europeans demand? |
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Definition
| Cinnamon, Nutmeg, Pepper, and Ginger |
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Term
| Why could European merchants put such high prices on the spices? (Omg rhyme...) |
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Definition
| Because the demand was high and the supply was low. |
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Term
| Who controlled the trade from East to West? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the system in which Asian goods passed through Muslims and Italians to the Europeans? |
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Definition
| The Muslims sold the Asian good to the Italians, who then sold them at increased prices to the European merchants. |
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Term
| How did the Europeans seek to bypass the Italian merchants? |
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Definition
| By finding a direct sea route to Asia. |
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Term
| What did Europeans believe they had a sacred duty to do? |
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Definition
| COntinue fighting Muslims and convert non-Christians |
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Term
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Definition
| A ship built in the 1400s that was sturdier then previous vessels and had triangular sails that could sail against the wind |
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Term
| What was an astrolabe and who invented it? |
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Definition
| Device that allowed sailors to know how far north of south of the equator they were. Invented by Muslims |
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Term
| Who invented the magnetic compass? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the leader in developing and applying sailing inovations? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Prince Henry and what did he do in 1415? |
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Definition
| Son of king of Portugal who wanted to spread Christian faith. In 1415 he captured the Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa. |
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Term
| What did Prince Henry found and where was it? |
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Definition
| Navigation school in southweater coast of Portugal. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Portuguese captain Bartolomue Dias reached the Cape of Good Hope on South Africa's southern tip. |
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Term
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Definition
| Portugal captain Vasco de Gama reached the port of Calicut in India. |
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Term
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Definition
| Christopher COlombus reached the island of Hispanola in the Caribbean and believed it to be Asia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pope Alexander VI drew the Line of Demarcation, which ran North to South through the Atlantic. All land to the West would be Spain's, all land to the East would be Portugal's. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, which meant they would obey the Line of Demarcation. |
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Term
| What did the Potuguese take form the Muslims? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did Portugal build a fort at in 1514 and what did this give them control of? |
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Definition
| Hormuz, Straits of Hormuz |
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Term
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Definition
| Portugal captured port city of Goa on India's west coast. |
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Term
| What happened in 1511 and what did it give them control of? |
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Definition
| Portuguese captured Malacca on Malay peninsula, gave them control of STrait of Malacca, Moluccas and the Spice Islands |
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Term
| What happened as early as 1521? |
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Definition
| Ferdinand Magellan reached the Philippines, which Spain began to colonize in 1565. |
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Term
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Definition
| The English and Dutch began to challenge the Portuguese dominance of trade. |
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Term
| What was the Dutch Republic called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Dutch declared independence from Spaiu |
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Term
| How many vessels were in the Dutch fleet in 1600? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which was more powerful and wealthy, the Dutch or English East India Trading Company? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the Dutch seize form Portugal? |
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Definition
| Malacca, Spice Islands, Cape of Good Hope |
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Term
| What was the Dutch capital? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the French establish an outpost in India? |
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Definition
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Term
| Portuguese ships came to China when and during what dynasty?? |
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Definition
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Term
| What countries or "vassal states" paid tribute to China? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The son of a peasant who led the rebellion that drove out the Mongols and the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty |
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Term
| When did Hongwu become emperor? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| He created agricultural reforms where he increased rice production, improved irrigation, encouraged fish farming, and introduced commercial crops such as cotton and sugar cane. He also encouraged the return to Confucian morals and brought back the civil service system. |
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Term
| What did Hongwu become and what did he do after? |
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Definition
| He became a ruthless tyrant and then ordered government purges where thousands of officials were killed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Son of Hongwu and 2nd Ming emperor |
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Term
| Where did Yonglo move the royal court to? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Seven exploration voyages to Southeast Asia, India, Eastern Africa, and Arabia |
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Term
| When was the first of the seven exploration voyages? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who led the seven voyages? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Zheng He do on the voyages and why? |
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Definition
| Distributed gifts to show Chinese superiority. |
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Term
| What happened as a result of Zheng He distributing gifts? |
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Definition
| 16 countries paid tribute to China |
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Term
| When did the seventh voyage end and what happened after? |
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Definition
| 1433, China became isolated and self-sufficient |
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Term
| How many ports did the Chinese gov't comduct trade through? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Chinese merchants smuggle to European merchants? |
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Definition
| Silk, porcelain, and other valuable goods |
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Term
| Why did China not become highly industrialized? |
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Definition
| It offended Confucian beliefs and higher taxes were placed on manufacturing and trade |
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Term
| What inventions did missionaries bring to China from Europe? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the first missionary to have an impact and why was he liked by Yonglo? |
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Definition
| Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci, could speak and write Chinese |
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Term
| What was the Forbidden City? |
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Definition
| Complex of 9,000 rooms consisting of the emperor, his family, and his court. Commoners not allowed to enter without special permission. 6,000 cooks. Built by Yonglo between 1404 and 1420. |
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Term
| What was the state of the Ming Dynasty by the 1600s? |
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Definition
| The empire was weaking, had high taxes, bad harvests, corrupt government, and rebellions |
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Term
| Who invaded China in 1644 and what was their dynasty called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What places did the Manchus bring into China? |
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Definition
| Taiwan, Chinese Central Asia, Mongolia, and Tibet |
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Term
| What did the Manchus force Chinese men to do? |
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Definition
| Wear their hair a pigtail |
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Term
| How did the Manchus rule? |
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Definition
| By upholding Confucian beliefs, keeping China's frontiers safe, and restoring China's prosperity. |
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Term
| Who was the first important Manchu emperor and when did he come to power? |
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Definition
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Term
| What important things did Kangxi do? |
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Definition
| Reduced government expenses, lowered taxes, gained the support of Chinese intellectuals by offering them government positions, and allowing Jesuits at his court. |
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Term
| Who was Kangxi's grandson and what happened to China under him? |
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Definition
| Qian-long, China reached its greatest size and prosperity |
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Term
| What were foreign countries who wished to trade with China have to do? |
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Definition
| Follow Chinese rules such as performing "kowtow" and paying tribute. |
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Term
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Definition
| Kneeling to the emperor and touching head to the ground 9 times |
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Term
| By the 1800s what percent of shipments to Europe was tea? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| King George III asked Qian-long for better trade arrangements. Qian-long sent a letter back stating that China did not need Britan. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Manchus conquered Korea and made it a vassal state. |
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Term
| How did Korea organize its government? |
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Definition
| According to Confucian principles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What provoked strong feelings of nationalism in Korea? |
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Definition
| Manchu invasion+Japanese attacks in 1590s |
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Term
| What did China's population reach in 1800? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did most Chinese families do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Chinese families farm and where did it come from? |
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Definition
| Sweet potatoes and corn from the Americas |
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Term
| What did the increased food production mean? |
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Definition
| Better health/diet and a population explosion |
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Term
| Did Chinese families favor sons or daughters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were only sons allowed to do in China? |
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Definition
| Uphold important religious ceremonies |
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Term
| What happened to many female infants in China? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were females expected to do and what were some of the jobs they managed to get? |
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Definition
| Work in the fields, supervise the children's education, and manage the family finances. They sometimes found jobs as midwives or textile workers. |
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Term
| How many Chinese women may have undergone foot binding? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who wrote Dream of the Red Chamber and what did it portray?. |
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Definition
| Cao Zhan, upper-class Manchu society in 1700s. Also had sensitive portrayal of female characters. |
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Term
| What was popular entertainment in rural China where literacy rates were low? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did drama do in China? |
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Definition
| Entertained people and helped unify Chinese society byy creating a kind of national culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of poetry the does not express ideas but presents images. 5-7-5 word scheme. |
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Term
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Definition
| Powerful samurai who who took control of old feudal states in Japan from 1467-1568 |
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Term
| What was the Japanese emperor reduced to? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Theater where actors wore elaborate costumes and, using music, dance, and mime, performed skits about modern urban life in Japan |
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Term
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Definition
| A brutal and ambitious daimyo |
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Term
| When did Oda Nobunaga take over Kyoto? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was Oda Nobunaga's motto? |
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Definition
| "Rule the empire by force" |
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Term
| What did Oda Nobunaga accomplish in 1575? |
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Definition
| The first effective use of firearms in battle in China. |
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Term
| What happened to Oda Nobunaga in 1582 and why? |
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Definition
| He committed seppuku because one of his own generals turned on him |
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Term
| Who was Toyotomi Hideyoshi? |
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Definition
| Oda Nobunaga's best general |
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Term
| What did Toyotomi Hideyoshi control by 1590? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Toyotomi Hideyoshi do in 1592? |
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Definition
| Invaded Korea with the idea of eventually conquering China |
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Term
| What happened with Toyotomi Hideyoshi's death in 1598? |
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Definition
| His troops withdrew from Korea |
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Term
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Definition
| A daimyo who became the first shogun and created the Tokugawa Shogunate |
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Term
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Definition
| The sole ruler in the Tokugawa Shogunate |
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Term
| What was the name of the battle in 1600 in which Tokugawa Ieyasu defeated his rivals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did Tokugawa Ieyasu move Japan's capital to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were daimyo's required to do every other year under the Tokugawa Shogunate? |
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Definition
| Live at the capital and leave their families there as hostages |
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Term
| What was the class system under the Tokugawa Shogunate? |
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Definition
| Emperor=figurehead, Shogun=true ruler, Daimyo=Large landowners, Samurai Warriors=Loyal to Daimyo and Shogun, Peasants=4/5 of the population, Artisans=Craftspeople, Merchants=Low class but gradually gained influence |
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Term
| Japanese society shifted from what to what under the Tokugawa Shogunate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| He was a novelist who wrote about urban life. |
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Term
| Who did the daimyo offer protection to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who had it hardest in Japan and why? |
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Definition
| Farmers; heaviest burden and highest taxes |
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Term
| Where did farmers in Japan eventually move to? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| There was an uprising of some 30 peasants led by samurai that shook the Tokugawa regime. |
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Term
| What religion were many of the rebels in the 1637 uprising in Japan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened because of the rebellion in 1637 in Japan? |
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Definition
| Christianty was expelled from Japan |
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Term
| What was Tokugawa Ieyasu's greatest achievement? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the Japanese first make contact with the Europeans? |
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Definition
| In 1543 when shipwrecked Portuguese sailors washed up in southern Japan. |
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Term
| What items did the Portuguese bring to Japan? |
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Definition
| Clocks, tobacco, muskets, cannons |
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Term
| Who was interested in the Portueguese muskets and cannons? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the introduction of muskets and cannons in Japan lead to? |
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Definition
| The demise of the sword and fortified castles |
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Term
| When did Christian missionaries begin to arrive in Japan? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What Christian orders wanted to convert the Japanese? |
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Definition
| Jesuit, Franciscan, and Dominican |
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Term
| Who led the first missionary mission to Japan? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When did Tokugawa Ieyasu ban Christianity? |
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Definition
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Term
| When were all Japanese required to show their alliance to some branch of Buddhism? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When was the Closed Country Policy instituted? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What was the only Japanese port open during the Closed Country Policy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What were the only 2 countries the Japanese would trade with? |
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Definition
| Netherlands (Dutch) and Chinese |
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