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- a she-wolf nursed these brothers after they were abandoned as infants
- as adults they quarreled and Romulus killed his brother
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| Romuulus founded Rome and became the city's king after killing Remus; April 21, 753 BCE |
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| In 509 BCE the Romans overthrew the last of Rome's Etruscan kings, and established a constitutional government vesting the power mainly in a Senate; 509-27 BCE |
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- 27 BCE, the Senate elects Octavius as Augustus (end of Republic, beginning of Imperial Period)
- 27 BCE - 337 CE
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- 211 BCE
- Marcellus conquers Sicilian Greek city Syracuse
- brings back the city's artisitc patrimony
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| Greece becomes a Roman Province |
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| 133 BCE; the last Attalid king of Pergamon willed his kingdom to Rome |
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| true to natural appearance; superealistic |
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| phrase coined by Romans depicting truthful images |
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| the elite in Rome; landowner |
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| who one comes from; very important to Romans |
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| dictator during the Republic; elected dictator for life; killed in 44 BCE |
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| 31 BCE; fall of Egyptian empire when Augustus defeats Marc Anthony; becomes sole ruler of Rome |
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| 20 BCE; Augustus had key diplomatic victory over the Parthians; returning the standards and Pax Romana |
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| Augustus was elected as this being the highest preist of Roman religion |
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| when a mortal is made into a God |
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| making an image the ideal |
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| outward hand gesture of oration associated with speech |
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| on the top of the cuirass of Augustus making a reference to theorist Cumian Sybil |
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| once Roman standards have returned, there will be a golden age |
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| sun god represented on cuirass of Augustus to the left of Coelus |
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| moon god represented on cuirass of Augustus to the right of Coelus |
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| sky god represented in the cuirass of Augustus in the middle of Helios and Luna; a notion of the heavens |
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| parthian king represented on cuirass holding the Roman standards |
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| Roman soldier with a she-wolf next to him; identifying him as a Roman soldier |
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| two allegorical figures representing the lands conquered by the Romans: Spain/France |
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| earth goddess; holding this object associated with plentiful harvest, period of prosperity |
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| Roman peace lasting from 20 BCE after diplomatic victory till Augustus's death; period of prosperity and flourish with returning standards |
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| Life of the Caesars; wrote a biography of Caesars gave physical description of Augustus |
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| Augustus traced his lineage all the way back to this goddess; her son is represented on the cuirass of Augustus making him a distant cousin |
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| represented onthe cuirass of Augustus representing the Naval Battle of Actium |
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| ruled 69-79 CE; his sculptors resuscitated the veristic tradition of the Republic; family name was Flavius, had two sons, Titus and Domitian; Flavian dynasty ruled Rome for more than a quarter century |
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| dynasty ruling Rome; the last of the dynasty ruled from 54-68 CE until he committed suicide with Vespasian emerging afterwards |
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| 2 theaters combined like 2 halves with a stage at the center (colosseum) |
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| recreation of Roman naval battles |
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| overall colosseum structure made out of this; with this Roman marble covering it |
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| column used for structural support |
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| type of column partly in the wall |
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| a new type of Roman column; characteristics of this are pilaster and corinthian capital |
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| used in triumphal procession after certain military accomplishments; soldiers march in public forum |
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| sacred road; in which soldiers would walk on during processions |
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| 4 horse chariot used in triumphal procession |
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| both imported marble used in Arch of Titus |
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| portion above cornice in Arch of Titus made out of cararra |
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| Roman column, volute of Ionic and ecanthus of Corinthian |
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- area between entablature and arch
- middle part on top of arch standing below it; maintaining structure of arch
- blanket of heaven on top of arch
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| figure representations of victory |
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| as things proceed into space it become less relief; representing pictorial space |
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| series of reeds bound together with a hatch bound to it; Roman republic emblem |
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| manifested as an eagle bringing Titus up into the heavens |
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| where pantheon is located; first word meaning field; second word meaning the God Mars of War |
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| Hadrian, Trajan, Marcus Aurelius |
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| relief sculptures on Arch of Constantine taken from these previous emperors |
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| open area in front of pantheon; transition mind from earthly to spiritual realm |
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| atrium serves as a transition from this to this |
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| pantheon made out of this egyptain material |
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| circle in ceiling; communion; transitional point |
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| dome in Pantheon representing the transition into heaven through the oculus |
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| not naturalistic or realistic |
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| idea made by Diocletian with 2 co-presidents and 2 co-vice presidents |
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| the president and vice president in tetrarchy |
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| cult of Christianity which only accepted males which is why Christianity prevailed because it was all inclusive |
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| Battle of the Milvian Bridge |
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| Constantine defeated and killed Maxentius and took control of the capital; attributing his victory to the aid of the Christian god |
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| monogram (X + P); Constantine had his soldiers paint this on armor before battle of Milvian Bridge; represents Christ |
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| "in this sign, you will conquer" |
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| 313 CE; legalizes Christianity as its own religion separate from Judaism |
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| 325 CE; converts whole empire to Christianity |
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| Constantine's mother; devout Chrisitan; believed to have found true cross |
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| latin word for rock; same as Peter; making St. Peter the foundation for Christian learning |
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| site St. Peter was crucified and buried at Christian cemetery; where Old St. Peter's Basilica was built later on |
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| formal entryway or porch before you enter space |
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| space parallel to narthex |
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| two aisles on either side of the central vessel |
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| semi-circular object to highlight intersection |
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| space between transcept and narthex |
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| transcept and central vessel intersect |
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| a series of arches supported by columns |
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| In a Gothic Cathedral, the blind arcaded gallery below the clerestory; occasionally, the arcades are filled with stained glass |
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| the windows that form the nave's uppermost level below the timber ceiling or the vaults |
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| Latin, "consumer of flesh," a coffin, usually of stone |
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| sacrificial lamb inside oculus |
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| Eucharist/Eucharist right |
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| In Christianity, the partaking of bread and wine believed to be the body and blood of Christ |
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| a raised right hand with ring and little finger touching palm and other fingers raised for speaking |
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| relating to the God Apollo; son of Zeus, God of music |
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| a martyr; first Christian convert of St. Peter |
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| one who acts on the behalf of Christ |
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| single, middle point; from that middle point is a repeated pattern; on top of it sits a dome |
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| Christ is resurrected on the 8th day, in relation to the octagon of St. Vitalis |
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| crossing of centralized plan building |
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| notion that the bread and wine actually transform |
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| dish that bread is put in |
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| Theodora holds this that holds wine |
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| recognition of power from a higher being; appearance of a God to a normal being |
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| presenting Church of St. Vitalis to Christ; founder of this church |
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