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the purpose of evaluating a text's argument is to determine its? (2 things) |
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1. promise and limitations 2. strengths and weaknesses |
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| arguments concern one or more of the following questions? (3 things) |
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1. what is true? 2. what is good? 3. what is to be done? |
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| an argument is a path of reasoning aimed at demonstrating the truth or falsehood of an assertion |
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| advancing a strong, debatable thesis on a topic of interest is the key to writing a successful argument |
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| two ways to analyze the effectiveness of an argument |
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1. concentrate on the types of reasoning the writer is using 2. to question the logical relation of a writer's claims, grounds, and warrants using the Toulmin Method |
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1. inductive reasoning (scientific method)- do not claim is true, but probable 2. deductive reasoning- authors present two or more premises and draw a conclusion |
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| questions to ask when assessing evidence in an inductive argument (3 things) |
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1. is it acurate? 2. is it relevant? 3. is it representative? |
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| an analysis of arguments based on claims grounds, and warrants |
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| assertions about a topic. same as a thesis |
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| unstated usumptions or principles that link grounds to claims |
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| three charateristics of a logical argument |
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1. all logical arguments make a claim 2. logical arguments present grounds for the claim 3. logical arguments...... idk |
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| an error in reasoning; an argument in which the premises given for the conclusion do not provide the needed degree of support |
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"does not follow" (Latin) a conclusionthat does not logically follow from the evidence presented |
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| an argument that diverts attention from the actual issue by concentrating on something irrelevent |
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| (peer pressure) an argument that depends on going along with the crowd on the assumption that truth is based on popularity contest |
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"against the man" (latin) an attack on the person rather then the srgument |
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| an argument that restates the point rather than supporting it with reasonable evidence |
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| circular reasoning that assumes the truth of a question assertion |
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| a conclusion based on inadequate evidence |
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| writing that has words with strong positive or negative overtones designed to sway opinion |
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| the idea that a complicated issue can only be ressolved in one of two ways when many options exist |
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| the assumption that some similarities equal total similarty |
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| when a person is not qualified to make a claim makes one and it is accepted as truth |
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| appeal to common practice |
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| everyone is doing it, but that doesnt make it right, just, moral, or reasonable |
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| when someone manipulates people's emotions in order to get them to accept an assertion |
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| a claim that is possibly untrue is used to create fear |
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| a claim that because something is new, it is better |
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| most people approve, therfore it must be true |
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"after this, therefore because of this" (latin) event B happens after event A; therfore A caused B |
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| whats true for others is not true for me |
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| an event must inevitably follow another even though no evidence exists |
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| commited when a person simply ignores a persons actual position and substitutes a disorted, exagerated, misrepresented version of position |
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