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| A failure in reasoning that renders an argument invailid. |
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| a course of action that seems to lead inevitably from one action or result to another with unintended consequences. |
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| Make a serious or urgent request, typically to the public. |
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- The state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way.The use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc.
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| Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. |
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| A fact or statement put forth as proof or evidence; a reason: The current low mortgage rates are an argument for buying a house now |
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| making a direct appeal to the emotion |
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| A fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased evidence. |
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| Post hoc, ergo proctor hoc |
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| post hoc: the logical fallacy of believing that temporal succession implies a causal relation. |
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| An assertion of the truth of something, typically one that is disputed or in doubt. |
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| A thing that is granted, esp. in response to demands; a thing conceded. |
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| assuming either that properties shared between two situations or existents will continue to be found indefinitely or that shared |
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| A quality that evokes pity or sadness. |
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| Inductive reasoning, also known as induction or inductive logic, or educated guess |
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| Deductive reasoning, also called Deductive logic, is reasoning which constructs or evaluates deductive arguments |
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| derived from either of this process. |
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| research that derives its data by means of direct observation or experiment |
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| information that is not based on facts or careful study |
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| (of an argument or reaction) Arising from or appealing to the emotions and not reason or logic. |
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| The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively. |
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| a fallacy in logical argumentation |
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| Capable of persuading people that something will happen or be successful: "a credible threat". |
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| Refutation (counterargument) |
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| the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions |
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| Good at persuading someone to do or believe something through reasoning or the use of temptation. |
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| The principle of reason and judgment, associated with the animus. |
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| A particular activity or cause that has suddenly become fashionable or popular. |
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| Language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect on its audience, but often regarded as lacking in sincerity or meaningful |
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| Information, esp. of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. |
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| A plan or suggestion put forward for consideration or discussion by others |
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| The logical fallacy of false dilemma |
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| A contrast or opposition between two things. |
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| Ironical understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary |
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| A refutation or contradiction. |
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| a statement that is not literally false but that cleverly avoids an unpleasant truth |
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| The characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community as seen in its beliefs and aspirations. |
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| The main means of mass communication regarded collectively: "the campaign won media attention" |
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| A mild or indirect word or expression for one too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing |
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| The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect. |
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| A seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true |
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| The use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition, such as do in I like it |
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