Term
| What are the 6 typical neuron components |
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Definition
| Soma, Neurites, axon, dendrites, terminal buttons, Myelin Sheath |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any process that extends from cell body |
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Term
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Definition
| Goes to the axon terminal button and contains myelin |
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Term
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Definition
| to receive info from preneuron |
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Term
| Function of terminal buttons |
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Definition
| info is released to the synaptic cleft |
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Term
| What seperates neuron components in different segments |
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Definition
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Term
| Synaptic Transmission Definition |
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Definition
| info from one neuron flows to another neuron across a synapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| a small gap separating neurons |
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Term
| what 3 things does a synapse consist of |
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Definition
| Presynaptic ending, postsynaptic ending; synaptic cleft or space |
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Term
| Describe presynaptic ending |
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Definition
| presynaptic neuron that contains neurotransmitters, mitochondria, and other cell organelles |
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Term
| What is a postsynaptic ending |
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Definition
| Postsynaptic neuron that contains receptor sites for neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
| space btw the pre and postsynaptic endings (neurons in a chain) |
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Term
| What 3 things to know about Axon Terminal (what is there) |
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Definition
| Neurotransmitters, synaptic vesicicles, votage gated CA++ channels |
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Term
| What is the dendritic spine |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you need to know about Cell specializations |
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Definition
| Support, contraction, conduction, secretion |
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Term
| Nerve cells are specialized for |
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Definition
| Communication (nerves donduct electrochemical signals) |
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Term
| What are the Cell components of the neuron |
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Definition
| Membrane:bilipid layer; cytoplasm with mitochondria and golgiapparatus; nucleus; microfilaments |
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Term
| What is the pathway starting from dendrites |
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Definition
| dentrites-cellbody-axon-axon terminals synapse with-axon dendrites on target cell |
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Term
| What are the neuron classification based on number of axon processes |
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Definition
| Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar |
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Term
| Unipolar neurons tend to be |
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Definition
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Term
| Bipolar neurons tent to be |
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Definition
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Term
| Multipolar neurons tend to be |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of axon length |
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Definition
| Golgi type I (long); Golgi type II (short) |
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Term
| What are the effects of a neurotransmitter |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of multipolar cells |
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Definition
| Motorneuron of spinal cord; pyramidal cell of hippocampus; purkinje cell of cerebellum |
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Term
| What is a type of unipolar cell |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a type of bipolar cell |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a type of pseudo-unipolar cell |
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Definition
| Ganglion cell of dorsal root |
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Term
| What are CNS support cells |
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Definition
| neuroglia; astrocytes and microglia, oligodendroglia and Schwann cells |
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Term
| neuroglia means and provides |
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Definition
| glue and provides physical support, nutrient flow, nerve 'housekeeping' removing nonfunctioning nerves |
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Term
| What is the blood brain barrier |
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Definition
| Barrier to enty or certain substances into the brain |
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Term
| The blood-brain barrier is the specialized system of |
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Definition
| capillary endothelial cells that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood stream, while supplying the required nutirents for proper function |
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Term
| A microglia cell is used for |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Oligodendrocyte cell role is |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe example of measuring nerve cell resting membrane potential |
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Definition
| giant squid axon is placed in sea water & glass microelectrode is inserted into axon. voltage measures -70 mV (millivolts) inside with respect to outside |
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Term
| Rested membrane potential simple definition |
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Definition
| difference inside vs outside |
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Term
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Definition
| Concentration and electrical gradients |
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Term
| At rest some K+ can leave cell causing |
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Definition
| the exterior of the nerve cell membrane to be slightly positive relative to the inside of the axon |
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Term
| Talk about local potentials degrade |
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Definition
| Disturbances of membrane potential can be carried along membrane. degrade with time and distance; at the level of the axon can the membrane potential be observed |
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Term
| The action potenital is a sterotyped |
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Definition
| change in membrane potential |
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Term
| If Resting Membrane potential moves past threshold |
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Definition
| membrane quickly moves to +40mV and then returnts to resting |
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Term
| Ionic basis of Action potential |
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Definition
| NA+ in: upswing of spike; K+ out: downswing of spike |
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Term
| When does the action potential begin |
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Definition
| at the beginning of the axon and is transmitting thru the axon up to the terminal button |
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Term
| What are the properties of the axon potential |
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Definition
| "all or none" event triggered or not; actively propagated down the axon-notion of successive patches of membrane (jumping); has fixed velocity and amplitude; is a property of the membrane (sodium-potassium point) |
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Term
| What is the membrane refractory periods |
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Definition
| Absolute-1 msec (during impulse); relative-following repolorization |
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Term
| Rp's limit the firing rate of nerve cells |
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Definition
| 1msec rp would=1000 pulsed per second |
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Term
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Definition
| why Action potential typically cannot travel in 2 directions simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| AP's are propagated down axon; ap depolarizes each successive patch of membrane-slows down transmission in nonmyelinated axons |
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Term
| Myelinated axons and action potential |
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Definition
| Action potential jumps from not to node: only depolarizes membrane at node; the myelin makes the transmission faster |
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Term
| Salatory Conduction speeds up |
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Definition
| velocity and allows for smaller diameter axons |
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Term
| Describe neurotransmisson in the synapse |
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Definition
| AP is conducted along axon membrant to axon terminal; reaches the synapse(gap btw pre and post synaptic membranses 20-30 nmeters; presence of vesicles that contain transmitter substances |
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Term
| Describe neurotransmission in the postsynaptic elements |
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Definition
| NT interacts with receptors to produce a change in membrane; postsynaptic potentials either excitatory or inhibitory |
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Term
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Definition
| depolarization; increases the likelihood to the ap |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperpolarization; decreases the liklihood to the AP |
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Term
| Postsynaptic potentials characteristics are |
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Definition
| graded in size, not propagated as areAP(are governed by time and space constants); not subject to a refractory period; subject to a slow time course, are only observed in the beginning of the axon |
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Term
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Definition
| in P to one or more ions - increased P(k+) or P(Na+) |
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Term
| What are the types of Major Neurotransmitters (3) |
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Definition
| Amines, Amino Acids, Neuropeptides |
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Term
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Definition
| Acetylcholin (1st discovered); Catecholamines which include dopamine and Norepinephrine |
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Term
| Name 2 types of amino acids |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 types of Neuropeptides |
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Definition
| Somatostatin and Substance P |
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Term
| What are the 5 steps of neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| 1Synthesis and storage of neurotransmitters molecules in synaptic vesicles 2 Release of neurotranmitter molecules into synaptic cleft 3 Binding of neurotransmitters at receptor sites on psotsynaptic membrane 4 Inactivation (by enzymes) or removal (drifting away) of neurotransmitters 5 Reuptake of neurotransmitters sponged up by the presynaptic neuron |
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