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Generally only accepted males
Also secular |
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| New Educational Opportunities for Women |
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| Women were educated in order to educate their children... sometimes |
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| Published an essay defending the right of women to education. Said that women and men had equal potential. |
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Missionaries and Mission schools proliferated among the tribes.
Jefferson thought of them as "noble Savages" |
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wrote the popular folktales:
Ichabod Crane and Rip Van Winkle
(Shows American Culture separate from England) |
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None of the schools were public
22 schools (grew substantially) |
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| Decline of midwives and increase of doctors. Most studied with established practitioners. |
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| Founding Father, Professor of Medical Theory and Clinical practice at the University of Pennsylvania. |
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| Cultural Aspirations in the New Nation |
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| Americans sought to have a literary and artistic life that would rival the greatest achievements of Europe. |
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| Establishment of a National Culture |
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| Americans created things that banded them together. i.e. literary works |
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| Wrote many dictionaries, thought that children should be taught nationalism in school |
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| Wrote Ichabod Crane and Rip Van Winkle |
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Wrote a collection of poems and plays
Also wrote a history of the Revolution |
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| People became callous to traditional Religious beliefs |
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| Accepted the existence of a God, but considered him to be a remote "watchmaker" |
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| Thomas Paine's "The Age of Reason" |
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Criticizes institutionalized religion and challenges the legitimacy of the Bible.
Deistic text |
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| People thought that society wasn't pious, and thought that they needed to fight the spread of Religious rationalism. Presbyterians and Methodists spread. |
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| A revival in Cane Ridge, Kentucky that lasted several days. (25,000 attended) |
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Some were allowed to be part
Black Preachers became important to the slave community |
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| Indians and the second Great Awakening |
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| Caused many Indians to abandon drinking and gamboling- Women move to domestic roles |
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| Had a "rebirth" after years of alcoholism. He called for a repudiation of the individualism of white society, a revival of traditional Indian ways, and the restoration of the communal quality of the Indian world. |
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| Thought that opinions should be based solely upon science, logic, and reason. |
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| Revolutionized the cotton economy of the South by making the processing of short-staple cotton simple and economical. |
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| Impact on the North (cotton Gin) |
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| Served as an incentive of entrepreneurs to develop a native textile industry |
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| Global Industrial Revolution |
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| America, England, Europe, and Japan all went through social changes. Life in industrial nations changed on every level. |
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| Transportation Innovations |
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| Creation of the steamboat and steam engine revolutionized the movement of raw materials |
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| Created the first steam boat |
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| Technology allowed for raw materials to be moved to factories and finished products to markets |
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| Robert Fulton's Steamboat |
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| The Clermont paddled the Hudson River in 1807. It was able to hold passengers. |
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| Turnpikes had good roads and drainage, but were expensive to use... Turnpikes were built between numerous cities. |
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| Philadelphia and New York were comparable to secondary cities of Europe. They were still far behind cities like London and Paris. |
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| Urban Life brought about affluence- people started seeking more refined lifestyles and activities such as horse racing. |
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| Did not become a massive city as some expected. Stayed as simply a place for sessions of legislature. |
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| He was a planter, and a republican. He was a Renaissance man: Politics and diplomacy, architect, educator, inventor, farmer, and philosopher-scientist. |
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| Limiting the Federal Government |
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Jefferson reduced the debt by 1/2
He cut down the military and navy a lot, and he reduced taxes. |
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| Challenging the Barbary Pirates |
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| Jefferson was reluctant to pay the Barbary states of North Africa, but eventually agreed to one final payment. (Jefferson avoided outright fighting) |
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| Congress repealed this act- eliminating judge-ships appointed by Adams |
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| The power of the Supreme Court to nullify acts of congress. |
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| Marbury wanted Madison to give him the commission, making him justice of the peace. Madison refused. The Court ruled that they had no authority to make Madison do such a thing. |
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| This was nullified by the Supreme Court during Marbury v Madison when it decided it had no power to decide things such as the delivery of commissions. |
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Chief Justice during this time
Federalist appointed by Adams
Fought to give power to the Federal Government... He made the judiciary branch coequal with the legislative and executive branches. |
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| Impeachment of Samuel Chase |
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| Impeached because of his judging ability, but he was acquitted- set a precedent for the reasons for punishing a judge. |
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| Jefferson liked the French, but was unaware of Napoleon's attempts to make and empire in North America. They took Louisiana back from Spain. Jefferson decided to make an offer to buy New Orleans. He sent Livingston and Madison. |
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| Leader of the Hatian Revolution |
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| Napoleon offered to sell all of Louisiana for $15 million. |
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| Livingston and Monroe decided to accept the offer even though they didn't have the authority to. They bought Louisiana for 80 million francs. |
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| Jefferson didn't know if he had the authority to accept the purchase. He was told that the treaty making power under the constitution justified it. |
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| Sent by Jefferson to explore the new territory of Louisiana. They started up the Missouri River from St. Louis |
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| Shoshone women who served as Lewis and Clark's interpreter |
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| Created and enduring and inaccurate account of the land between the Missouri River and the Rockies. (That it was an uncultivatable desert.) |
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| Aaron Burr became governor of New York. It was rumored that he supported the plan for the northeast to secede from the union. He fled to the west with General Wilkinson. Jefferson ordered the arrest of Burr, but he was acquitted. |
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| Essex Junto was a radical Federalist group who thought it necessary for New England to secede from the nation. |
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| Hamilton thought that Burr was guilty of plotting treason. This was a result of the rumors surrounding Burr's plan to secede. Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel. Hamilton was killed. Burr fled. |
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| In 1803 a war broke out in Europe between France and a number of states. The French were at war Britain. |
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America's Predicament
(Napoleonic Wars) |
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American trade ships were caught by the British blockade or by Napoleons decrees.
Napoleon said that any neutral or British ships couldn't land cargo in any port France or her allies owned. |
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| The British would impress deserters of British ships who moved to America. They checked American ships. |
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| Chesapeake-Leopard Incident |
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| The American Chesapeake refused to allow the British Leopard to check their ship. The Leopard opened fire, and then took four people off of the Chesapeake |
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| Jefferson ended the Embargo after realizing it was a political liability. |
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| The embargo was an attempt to prevent incidents such as the Chesapeake-Leopard incident. It prohibited American ships from leaving for any foreign port in the world. |
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| Reopened trade with all nations except Britain and France. |
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| Indian Problem and the British |
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| The Indians were reluctant to give up their land, and the British, seeing the threat of war, allied themselves with them. |
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| An advocate of western settlement, he was appointed governor of the Indiana territory in order administer Jefferson's proposal. |
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| Jefferson saw an answer to the "Indian Problem" in a proposal: Indians could become settled farmers and a part of white society, or they could move to the west of the Mississippi. Either way, they would give up their land. |
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| The Prophet had an awakening in which he was told the Indians should avoid the white world because it was bad. He united many of the Indian nations. Tecumseh was the prophet's brother. He joined the Indian tribes to "stop white expansion." It was called the Tecumseh Confederacy. |
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| When Tecumseh was in the south, Harrison provoked armed conflict with Prophetstown. They suffered equal damage, but Harrison burned down the city. |
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| The southern states coveted Florida. They thought a war with Britain could supply an excuse to take Florida (owned by Britain's ally, France). Northern and Southern states had war fever. |
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| Young Congressman in Washington who wanted the war with Britain. |
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| A war between America and Britain as well as Indian tribes. It was a result of war fever as well as the Chesapeake incident. |
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| A British armada went up the Patuxent River from Chesapeake Bay and destroyed Washington. (1814) |
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| Andrew Jackson destroyed a British force advancing on New Orleans with minimal damage. The war was already over though. |
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| He was on board a British ship, negotiating the release of prisoners. He watched Baltimore get bombarded. Baltimore survived, and he was so proud that he wrote "The Star Spangled Banner". |
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| There was a growing opposition to the war and the Republican Government. Some wanted to secede from the Union. |
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| Delegates from New England States, led by Daniel Webster, met in Hartford to discuss greivances against the Madison Administration. Secession was in the minority. It seemed silly after the Battle of New Orleans news reached them. |
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| America and Britain agreed to pretty much just to stop fighting in 1814 |
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| An agreement where they would pretty much just stop fighting. America gave up on getting Canada and the renunciation of impressment, and England gave up on a Northwest Indian buffer state. |
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| Called for the disarmament of the Great Lakes . (1817) |
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