Term
| Where did the Native Americans come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the Native Americans come to the Americas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did the terms "Indians" come from? |
|
Definition
| Given by Columbus b/c he thought he had reached "the Indies" |
|
|
Term
| Who was the first European to claim that the Americas were a "New World?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many Native Americans lived in the Americas when Columbus arrived? |
|
Definition
| Total: 50-75 million in New World |
|
|
Term
| How were the civilizations of the Americas NOT "primitive" by European standards |
|
Definition
| the Maya (astronomers, mathematicians, lived in large cities, accurate calendar,had writing, built stone pyramids, far ranging trade); the Aztec (Mexico City several times the size of London or Paris); the Inca (elaborate system of roads, huge empire) |
|
|
Term
| How were the civilizations of the Americas "primitive" by European standards? |
|
Definition
| None used the wheel, human sacrifice, no use of iron, no guns, horses |
|
|
Term
| How did the Indians of the US compare to these advanced civilizations to the south? |
|
Definition
| relatively less advanced: none had writing or alphabet, no large empires, no large cities |
|
|
Term
| What effect did the movement of potatoes and corn from the Americas to Europe have? |
|
Definition
| lead to dramatic population growth |
|
|
Term
| What effects did the movement of silver and gold from the Americas to Europe have? |
|
Definition
| Spain temporarily greatest power in Europe; ignites an inflation; makes possible Commercial revolution (world trade) that leads to capitalism; Ultimately leads to European supremacy |
|
|
Term
| What effect did diseases brought from Europe have on the Americas? |
|
Definition
| Killed 90% of native population (b/w 45 & 90 million people) |
|
|
Term
| What animals did Europeans bring to the Americas? How did this effect the Native people? |
|
Definition
| Horses, cattle, pigs, sheep; horse changes Indian lifestyle |
|
|
Term
| What new technology did Europeans bring to the Americas? |
|
Definition
| guns, metal, cloth, alcohol |
|
|
Term
| What Native American tribes were Northwest Fishermen? |
|
Definition
| Nez Pearce; Chinook; Yurok; |
|
|
Term
| What Native American tribes were Seed Gatherers? |
|
Definition
| Shoshone, Yakuts, Chumash |
|
|
Term
| What Native Americans were Southwest Indians? |
|
Definition
| Ute, Navaho, Hopi, Apache, Pueblo, Zuni |
|
|
Term
| What Native Americans were Plains Indians? |
|
Definition
| Blackfoot Crow; Araphaho; Sioux; Cheyenne; Shawnee; Kiowa; Comanche |
|
|
Term
| What Native Americans were Eastern Woodlands Indians? |
|
Definition
| Winnebago; Chippewa; Iroquois |
|
|
Term
| What Native Americans were Southeast Indians? |
|
Definition
| Choctaw; Cherokee; Creek; Seminole |
|
|
Term
| What happened in The Reformation of religion in Europe? |
|
Definition
| Germany: Martin Luther; Switzerland: John Calvin; England: Henry VIII (creates Anglican Church or Church of England) |
|
|
Term
| What was the main, basic cause of the Puritan Revolution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened in the "Glorious Revolution" of 1688? |
|
Definition
| England becomes a constitutional monarchy. |
|
|
Term
| What is significant about the Spanish American colonies? |
|
Definition
| first empire by Europeans in New World;largest empire in New World |
|
|
Term
| What were the 3 motives for settlement of the Spanish American colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the conquistadores do regarding the Indians and colonists? |
|
Definition
| They give the Indians as labor force to colonists if they promise to Christianize them (euphemism for slavery) |
|
|
Term
| What was the Black Legend? |
|
Definition
| Idea invented by English that Spanish brutalized/ killed the Indians |
|
|
Term
| What was the government like in the Spanish American colonies? |
|
Definition
| Centralized rule through a governor appointed by the king (viceroy-spanish governor of a New World province) |
|
|
Term
| What does the term "mestizo" mean, and what is it a result from? |
|
Definition
| Someone of mixed heritage; results from Spanish marrying the Indians |
|
|
Term
| What was the social structure like in the Spanish American colonies? |
|
Definition
| Aristocratic domination by small number of land-owning families; most are peasants who work for them in poverty |
|
|
Term
| What were the French Colonies in America? |
|
Definition
| Canada, Louisiana, and the West Indies |
|
|
Term
| What were the motives for the settlement of the French colonies in America? |
|
Definition
| North America: fur trade; West Indies islands: sugar |
|
|
Term
| Why were Canada and Louisiana very lightly populated? |
|
Definition
| Extreme weather; must be a Catholic to come; main settlers were single men |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Indians side with the French over the English? |
|
Definition
| Because the French traded with them, instead of taking their land |
|
|
Term
| What modern city stands on the site of New Netherlands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the motives for settling the Dutch Colonies in America? |
|
Definition
| fur trade & maritime rivalry |
|
|
Term
| What did Richard Hakluyt argue about the colonies? |
|
Definition
| That the British need the colonies for 1. raw materials and 2. markets |
|
|
Term
| What was the first permanent English settlement in America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat was the motive for settlement of Virginia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the London Company of Va? |
|
Definition
| a "joint-stock" company provides means for England's first permanent colony in North America |
|
|
Term
| What early problems were encountered in the founding of the colony of Virginia? |
|
Definition
| location on a swap; settlers waste their time looking for gold; Powhatan and Pocahontas; Captain John Smith; the "starving time"-winter of 1609-1610 (cannibalism); John Rolfe and tobacco; labor problems |
|
|
Term
| What were indentured servants lured to the colonies by? |
|
Definition
| Promise of freedom and property when finished |
|
|
Term
| What was the 50 acre headright? |
|
Definition
| If a landowner payed for the passage fare of an indentured servant, he would receive 50 acres, intended to be given to the servant at the end of the agreed time period |
|
|
Term
| What is significant about the year 1619? |
|
Definition
| The American Paradox: American slavery: American freedom |
|
|
Term
| What caused Bacon's rebellion? |
|
Definition
| It was supported by young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land (colonies running out of land to give for 50 acre headright) |
|
|
Term
| What was the government like at the colonial level in 17th century Virginia? |
|
Definition
| Royal governor appointed by the king; house of burgesses |
|
|
Term
| What was the House of Burgesses? |
|
Definition
| Upper house: governor's council (appointed by king); lower house: colonists elect |
|
|
Term
| What was government at the local level like in 17th century Virginia? |
|
Definition
| county government; county court (justice of the peace appointed by governor);sheriff |
|
|
Term
| What was the economy in 17th century Virginia dominated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the settlement patterns like in 17th century Virginia? |
|
Definition
| Rural, almost no towns; so spread out, few schools or churches |
|
|
Term
| What was the established church of 17th century Virginia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the mortality rate of indentured servants in 17th century Virginia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the role of the family in 17th century Virginia? |
|
Definition
| Skewed sex ratio (hard to find wife); spouses constantly dying, led to "blended families" |
|
|
Term
| What is significant about the ideas of John Calvin in relation to Massachusetts Bay in the 17th century? |
|
Definition
| his ideas have more influence on daily life of colonists there than any other church at that time |
|
|
Term
| How are separatists different than Puritans? |
|
Definition
| Separatists want to separate from the Church of England |
|
|
Term
| What was the major occupation of Massachusetts Bay in the 17th century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the terms of the Navigation Acts? |
|
Definition
| Guarantee that England alone would profit from trade with Mother Country |
|
|
Term
| When and why was the Dominion of New England established? |
|
Definition
| Established by English government in 1686 to increase authorities over New England colonies |
|
|
Term
| What did the halfway covenant encourage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Roger Williams do? |
|
Definition
| He was a separatist; challenged charter (land belonged to Indians and can't take without fair compensation); civil government doesn't have authority to regulate religious matters |
|
|
Term
| What was Anne Hutchinson's main belief? |
|
Definition
| that the truly saved need not obey laws of God or man |
|
|
Term
| What was the Salem Witch craze caused by? |
|
Definition
| unsettled social & religious conditions in a rapidly evolving colony |
|
|
Term
| What was a royal colony in 1750? |
|
Definition
| The king appoints the governor; were 8 royal colonies in 1750 |
|
|
Term
| What was a proprietary colony in 1750? |
|
Definition
| Proprietor chooses governor; were 3 in 1750 |
|
|
Term
| What was a self-governing colony in 1750? |
|
Definition
| Colonists elect their governor; were 2 in 1750 |
|
|
Term
| Between 1660s and 1763, Britain follows policy of "benign neglect." What did this mean? |
|
Definition
| Britain doesn't enforce laws in colonies due to its preoccupation with 4 wars with France |
|
|
Term
| What was mercantilism like in the colonies in 1750? |
|
Definition
| colonies exist for the good of the mother country; raw materials and markets; goal is to keep money WITHIN British empire |
|
|
Term
| What did the Navigation Acts say? |
|
Definition
| designed to implement mercantilism; colonial goods can only be shipped on "British" ships; certain "enumerated" items can only be sold within the Empire (tobacco, rice, furs, sugar) |
|
|
Term
| How did the life of Americans in the 17th century compare to the life of Europeans at the same time? |
|
Definition
| Americans lived in affluent abundance in comparison to Europeans |
|
|
Term
| What did the economies of the colonies of New England consist of in 1750? |
|
Definition
| trade, fishing, shipbuilding, whaling |
|
|
Term
| What did the economies of the middle colonies consist of in 1750? |
|
Definition
| "bread basket" of the colonies (wheat, corn) |
|
|
Term
| What did the economies of the colonies in the South consist of by 1750? |
|
Definition
| Staple crops/plantations- rice, indigo, tobacco. Slavery only economically important in Southern colonies |
|
|
Term
| What was African slave society like? |
|
Definition
| Maintains cultural practices from Africa and blends with European ways, creating "African-American" culture |
|
|
Term
| What were the two established churches during the Great Awakening? |
|
Definition
| In New England: congregational; in south: Anglican |
|
|
Term
| What was the Great Awakening? |
|
Definition
| reaction against rationalism of the Enlightenment; emphasizes emotion over reason |
|
|
Term
| What were the supporters of the Great Awakening called? the opponents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the Pope's rebellion? |
|
Definition
| New Mexico in 1690s Pope led the largest Indian revolt against European domination. Spanish ultimately subdued the revolt. |
|
|
Term
| Who was Benjamin Franklin? |
|
Definition
| in his Pennsylvania Gazette, he warned his fellow colonists that they must "join or die" |
|
|
Term
| Who was James Oglethorpe? |
|
Definition
| founded Georgia as a haven for debtors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| punished for exile for advocating separation of church and state in Massachusetts Bay; founded Rhode Island |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defeated at Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh) and killed during French and Indian war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leader of the rebellion against Gov. Berkeley; Bacon's rebellion was mainly supported by young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| English monarch when Carolinas, PA, NY, and CT were founded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| headed the Dominion of New England |
|
|
Term
| Who was Jonathan Edwards? |
|
Definition
| leader of the Great Awakening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| punished by exile for challenging the authority of leading Puritan clergymen in MA bay |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supposedly saved Capt. John Smith's life |
|
|
Term
| Who was George Washington? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who were William and Mary? |
|
Definition
| Protestant rulers of the Netherlands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Puritan minister who disliked democracy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indian chieftain, shot and beheaded for leading an uprising against whites in New England |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-Puritan adventurer, Indian fighter and negotiator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| last of the Aztec emperors of Mexico |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| owned 5 million acres in Virginia (originally granted by king); one of the few landlords who lived on his property |
|
|
Term
| Who was Thomas Hutchinson? |
|
Definition
| MA Lt. Governor who feared democracy; wanted stiffer voting qualifications; house burned by Boston mob as he appeared to support the Stamp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| governor of MA;tried to take French forts on frontier in French and Indian war; organized capture of Louisbourg in King George's war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British general who rebuilt the abandoned French forts of Ticonderoga and Crown Point in the French and Indian war; captured Montreal |
|
|
Term
| Who was John Witherspoon? |
|
Definition
| brought up in the colonies, instructed by Scottish teacher; president of Princeton College, NJ; signed Declaration of Independence |
|
|
Term
| Who was Mary White Rowlandson? |
|
Definition
| frontier wife in MA (1670s); captured by Indians and ransomed after 12 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Congregational minister; led a group of ministers to oppose the Salem Witch Trials as convicting people on dubious evidence |
|
|
Term
| Who were the Christian Crusaders? |
|
Definition
| Indirectly responsible for discovery of America |
|
|
Term
| What was the treaty of Tordesillas? |
|
Definition
| Pope divided Latin America between Spain and Portugal |
|
|
Term
| What was the Joint- stock company? |
|
Definition
| a type of primitive corporation, used to fund Jamestown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| largest city North of Rio Grande before Columbus arrived, famous for giant dirt pyramid |
|
|
