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| allowed the children of baptized but unconverted church members to be baptized and thus become church members and have political rights |
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Christian revitalization movement
resulted from powerful preaching that gave listeners a sense of deep personal revelation of their need of salvation by Jesus Christ
pulled away from ritual and ceremony |
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| result of discontent among backcountry farmers who had taken the law into their own hands against government corruption and oppression |
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used to enforce an order for the posession of lands
designed to help officials search for smuggled goods |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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created a weak government
first U.S. Constitution |
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| hero of the Boston Massacre |
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| financial difficulties brought about by a post-war economic depression, a credit squeeze caused by a lack of hard currency, and fiscally harsh government policies instituted in 1785 to solve the state's debt problems |
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| allowed Britain and America to trade peacefully |
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Federalist
founder of the nation's financial system, and the founder of the first American political party |
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| proved that independence was and is possible to other nations |
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| review by the Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act |
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| act of coercing someone into government service |
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| Federalists met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power |
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| sense of national purpose and a desire for unity |
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| peacetime financial crisis in the United States followed by a general collapse of the American economy |
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| supported a declaration of war on Britain for the War of 1812 |
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| a political party (after winning an election) gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward vicotry and an incentive to keep working for the party |
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| handled all fiscal transactions for the US government and was accountable to Congress and the US Treasury |
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| profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up |
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| artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century |
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| religious and philosophical movement that was developed during the late 1820s and 1830s in the Eastern region of the United States |
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| American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who created the first generation of American mental asylums |
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| American education reformist who advocated for public schools |
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| American Quaker, abolitionist, women's rights activist, and social reformer |
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| American writer on the topic of historical romances of frontier and Indian life |
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| Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842) |
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| treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies |
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| American abolitionist author of Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) that depicted African American life under slavery |
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| political movement by nativist American political faction of the 1850s characterized by anti-Catholic sentiment |
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| American military officer, explorer, and first candidate of the anti-slavery Republican Party for the office of President of the US |
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| banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future including the area known as the Mexican Cession |
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| made re-admittance to the Union for former Confederate states contingent on a majority in each Southern state to take the Ironclad oath to the effect they had never in the past supported the Confederacy |
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| Federal government agency that aided distressed freedmen |
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| Sherman's "March to the Sea" |
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| at the end of Civil War, Sherman's army destroyed military targets, industry, infrastructure, and civilian property |
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| southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party after the Civil War |
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| Northerner who went to the South after the Civil War for political or financial advantage |
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| historian who focused mainly on the Midwest |
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| old rule continues to apply to some existing situations, while a new rule will apply to all future cases |
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| main goal was to regulate rising fare prices of railroad and grain elevator companies after the Civil War |
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| allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders, including railroads, and is commonly regarded as a milestone in the growth of federal government regulation |
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| Interstate Commerce Act (1886) |
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| designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices |
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| populists tend to claim that they side with the people rather than the elites |
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| geologic feature, a structural high, and a northwest-trending uplift paralleling the Peninsular Arch along the west coast |
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| American industrialist and philanthropist who built his wealth in shipping and railroads |
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| Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) |
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| prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anticompetitive, and requires the federal government to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation |
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following the Civil War, roughly from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 to the turn of the 20th century
coined by writers Mark Twain and Charles Dudley WarnerÂ
an era of serious social problems hidden by a thin layer of gold |
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Protestant Christian intellectual movement in the early 20th century US and Canada
applied to Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice |
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| describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich |
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| government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit |
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| promoted the social and cultural uplift of the workingman, rejected Socialism and radicalism, demanded the 8-hour day |
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| letter referred to President William McKinley as "weak and catering to the rabble and, besides, a low politicial who desires to leave a door open to himself and to stand well with the jingos of his party" |
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