Term
| Articles of Confederation |
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Definition
-first constitution from 1781-1788
-ineffective b/c had no executive branch
-each state was too independent and they were loosely tied together
-replaced by Constituion in 1789 |
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England still held posts along Canada Border after Treaty of Paris
-in an attempt to keep control of the fur trade |
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| Western Land Cession 1781 |
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| Maryland postponed their ratification of the articles of confederation until the U.S. had control over all the west |
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U.S. gov would sell at auction western lands for $1 an acre
-led to townships |
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Back-country farmer rebellion over high taxes
-proof of the ineffectiveness of Federalists and led to the rule of Antifederalists |
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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Definition
Area north of Ohio to be divided in to territories
-could become a state when it had 60,000 white males |
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| Philadelphia Convention 1787 |
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Discussion of Articles of Confederation
-wanted strong central government |
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conservative from NY who wrote the Federalist Papers urging for a Constitution
--wanted U.S. Bank and Treasury
--believed that the future wealth was in industry |
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| considered "Father of the Constitution" |
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| -big state plan for representatives in senate based on population |
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| -small state plan for equal representatives in House for all |
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Combination of Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan
-population in House of Representatives
-equal number in Senate |
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| The idea that a slave is 3/5 of a person when accounting for population of a state |
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| 1st 10 amendments that protect our civil liberties |
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wealthy men who believed in strong central government and supported the Constitution
-Washington and Adams=only Federalist presidents |
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| Anti-Federalists (1800s)(Jefferson) |
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Definition
-Equivalent to modern democrats
-wanted strong state governments and was a party for the poor
-Jefferson=first Anti-Federalist |
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| Loose and Strict Construction |
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Definition
Loose-->Alexander Hamilton--> Elastic Clause to establish government programs
Stict-->Jefferson-->Elastic Clause could not be used to create teh U.S. Bank |
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-establishes our government and the rights of people and the ultimate power of each branch of government
-ratified in 1789 |
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Federalist who loved Neutrality
-president from 1789-1796 |
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2nd President and 2nd Federalist
-unpopular
-Signed Alien and Sedition Act
-responsible for XYZ affair |
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President after Revolution of 1800
-1st Antifederalist President
-inconsistent with his beliefs
-acquired Louisiana Territory during his presidency |
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created federal courts in hierarchical order
-Supreme Court=highest court in U.S. |
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1st law passed by Congress
-designed to protect new industries |
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French Revolution to Democracy
-inspired by American Revolution |
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80% privately owned and 20% government owned
-Hamilton's plan
-depository for federal funds |
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| rebellion from tax on whiskey |
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| required Indians to give up the Ohio River Valley to U.S. |
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Agreement between U.S. and Britain
-1st U.S. Treaty
-Northwest Posts were abandoned
-tried to stop impressment |
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Settled the Florida-Georgia dispute between Spain and U.S.
-removed New Orlean's tariffs |
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| Democratic-Republicans 1796 |
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Definition
formed by Jefferson
-opposed Hamilton's Financial Plan
-supported the common man |
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| attempt to settle dispute between France, but negotiators were bribed |
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| Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 |
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Definition
Proposed by John Adams
-made it legal to deport foreigners who were against the federalist cause |
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| Last paragraph of constitution: "congress may make laws which shall be encessary and proper" for carrying out the powers and purposes of the Constitution |
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| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions 1798-1799 |
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support of state sovereignty
-in response to Alien and Sedition Acts |
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| Law passed by Federalist Congress that practically gave all the power of teh Supreme Court to Federalists, after Jefferson was elected, but before he was inaugurated |
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peaceful transition of power from Federalists to Anti-Federalists
-proves that democracy could work |
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| Compact Theory States Rights |
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| enabled the action of nullification only to laws that the state deemed unconstitutional |
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| the act of appointing others of your party to government offices |
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| Chief Justice John Marshall |
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Definition
Chief Justice for 33 years
-Kept supreme check and balance between Federalists and Anti-Federalists
-ruled in Marbury vs. Madison case |
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| the purchase of the Louisiana Territory by Jefferson |
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| Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804-1806 |
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| Expedition to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory and to map it and to reach the pacific ocean |
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| Burr Conspiracy 1805-1806 |
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Aaron Burr proposed to separate the western states from the Union to form a new republic under British Rule
-Hamilton exposed this plan
-Dueled and Hamilton was killed |
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| Law that prevented exports from American Ports |
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| An attempt to stop impressment and change the minds of British and French |
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English response to Berlin Decree
-enforced embargo on France by all |
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Issued by France
-stated that any ship that had come from Britain could be confiscated by the French |
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| Chesapeake-Leopard Affair 1807 |
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Definition
FOur men were taken from the Ameircan Chesapeake after it was fired upon by the the English Ship Leopard
-caused great resentment and almost caused a war on England |
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| Lifted all restrictions on trade and promised France and England that if either nation would lift their trade restrictions, the U.S. would trade only with that Nation |
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| Henry Clays Westerners that who demanded immediate war with England |
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| Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian Chief who joined forces with the British in teh War of 1812 |
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| Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian Chief who joined forces with the British in teh War of 1812 |
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| Battle of Tippecanoe 1811 |
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Definition
Indecisive battle between Indians and US
-William Hnery Harrison bought land from a fragment of the tribal land and attempted to live there
-caused the war |
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President 1809-1817
-Father of the COnstituion
-President during War of 1812
-ended w/ era of good feelings |
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| British would steal American sailors believing that they were deserting British |
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| Forbade English Ships from entering French ports and placed England under a blockade |
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| wrote the Star Spangled Banner |
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| voiced opposition to War of 1812, mostly federalists |
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| Battle of New Orleans 1815 |
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| Battle fought after war ended technically speaking, but was huge victory and made Andrew Jackson a war hero |
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| first national road and first road to lead to the West |
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| Band formed by Monroe, but was a failure |
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| Tariff in response to Birtish flood of "cheap-priced" goods in teh US |
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| opposed tariff of 1816 and was an advoacate of strong national government, deemed "defender of the constitution" |
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First depression in US
-lack of gold to back currency |
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speaker of the House
-one of the greates senators in History
-"Great Compromiser"
-helped negotiate MO compromise, Compromoise Tariff, and the Compromise of 1850 |
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| eria that was full of tranquility (1815-1819) |
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| MI's request for admission as a slave state-->forbid importation of slaves and emancipation of resident slaves abolve 25 who were born after MO annexation |
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This compromise allowd MI to come into the UNion in 1820 as a slave sate if Maine came in as a free state(balanced slave and free states)
-Created 36'30 line that divided future northern free states from S states |
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bad president that did nothing substantial and was unpopular
-WROTE THE MONROE DOCTRINE |
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written by JQAdams stated that Europe could not interfere w/ american continent any more
-no more colonialism |
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| Russo-American Treaty 1824 |
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| Russia dropped claim to ORegon to focus on Alaska |
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| novelist wrote The Last of the Mojicans |
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| another author wrote Legend of Sleepy Hollow |
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| supreme court case in which the court declared a state law unconstitutional |
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| McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 |
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| established Federal court supremacy over state court |
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| Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819 |
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| John Marshall ruled that courts cannot interfere with contracts |
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| John marshall stated that national law was superior to state law |
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| 1824: promoted high tariffs and funds from them to be used to build roads, canals to unify the nation |
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started by Andrew Jackson, 1828-1840
-good for most white middle or lower class families |
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President 1829-1837: destroyed the bank,
established pet banks, trail of tears, panic of 1837 |
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| leader of War Hawks, wrote South Carolina Exposition and Protest, senator, STATE'S RIGHTIST |
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| highest tariff imposed on America led to Compromise Tariff of 1833 |
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| Jackson's idea to remove Indians from Land East of the Mississippi River |
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| forced removal of Cherokees from Georgia to Oklahoma, many died along the way, thanks to Andrew Jackson |
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| precociously brilliant man who was interested in business, ecmae president of the US Bank and petititoned its re-charter unsuccessfully in 1832 |
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state banks that received federal funding
-Jackson's plan to reduce power of Federal Bank |
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| enabled the president to use military force on states that didn't obey |
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| Compromise Tariff of 1833 |
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| compromise written by Henry Clay in effort to please the N and S |
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| serious depression due to the failure of the Pet Banks |
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| Independent Treasury Plan 1840 |
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| Divorced the government from banking |
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| system of labor that involved farm girls working in factories |
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| canal connected teh Great Lakes w/ the Hudson River |
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| Telegraph inventor along w/ morse code |
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| he and Singer invented and perfected teh sewing machine respectively |
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| fast ship w/ many sails, could outrun any steamer |
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| Mail Service from MO to CA, but telegraph outdid it |
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| 1842 supreme court decision to recoginze labor unions |
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| idea that wisdom and knowledge befell from nature |
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| transcendentalist thinker |
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| Romantic author of Moby Dick |
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| The Second Great Awakening |
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| Religious Revival in 1820s and 1830s taht emphasized personal improvement adn teh avoidance of sin, and hard work |
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cult that was founded by Joseph Smith in 1830s
-Polygamist practices forced them to move to Utah |
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| Nat Turner's Rebellion 1831 |
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| turner led a slave revolt in VA, blamed on "The Liberator" and caused anti-abolition propaganda in South |
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| American Colonization Society 1816 |
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| encouraged emancipation of slaves and settlement in Liberia |
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| name for slavery by the Northerners |
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| -cotton centered economy in South |
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| white trash of the south that didn't own slaves and suffered from slavery b/c there was little land left for them |
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