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| Former American ambassador for the Soviet union, was a "soviet expert," claimed that US should contain the Soviets |
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| President during the Cold War, won 1948 election |
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| General who led United Nations Command in the Korean war, but was removed from title by Truman for his aggression on Chinese |
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| US Secretary of State under Truman, helped develop Marshall Plan, NATO, and Truman Doctrine |
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| Senator from Wisconsin who made accusations that spies infiltrated the State Department |
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| Communist spy in the State Department |
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| Julius and Ethel Rosenburg |
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| Husband and wife, American communists who were executed for committing espionage |
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| Southern segregationist who led "Dixiecrat" presidential campaign against Truman in 1948 |
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| Previous VP for FDR, ran representing democratic-progressive party in 1948 and lost to Truman |
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| Represented 1948 republican party, lost to Truman because he was arrogant and overconfident |
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| Communist party leader in China, overcame nationalist party in Chinese civil war in 1950 turning China into a communist country |
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| Represented nationalist party in China during the civil war against communism, lost to Mao Zedong, however remained UN representative for China |
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| Physician who provided advice on child rearing to baby-boomers' parents after WWII |
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| Representative to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC) |
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| Made unions liable for damages from disputes and required union leader to take noncommunist oath, also outlawed donation of money to federal election |
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| Gross National Product (GNP) |
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| Is the market value of all products and services produced in one year by labor and property supplied by the residents of a country |
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| the "white flight" of middle class citizens to outskirts of town, leaving minorities/poor people in town |
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| Housing neighborhoods that mass-produced housing in the suburbs |
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| Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin |
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| United Nations early successes and failings |
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| Successes-helped establish Israel and former colonies gain independence, failures- couldn't ban atomic weapons |
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| USSR blockaded Berlin (which was then split into four zones like Germany was among France, Britain, US, and USSR) to starve allies out, however US airlifted supplies into Berlin until blockade was lifted |
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| AKA European Recovery Plan-$12.5 billion to help Europe rebuild, it was strong humanitarian, political, and economic move for United States because European countries used money to buy supplies from American businesses |
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| Reorganized defense system in America; est. Dept. of Defense, and est. the voice of America (radio broadcasts into the USSR spreading noncommunist ideology) |
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| stated it was illegal to promote the overthrow of the US government |
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| House Un-American Activities Committee investigated communist activities |
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| What four parties were in 1948 election? |
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Definition
Republican-Dewey
Progressive Democrat-Wallace
States Rights Democrat-Thurmond
Democrat-Truman |
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| Who backed the Progressive Democrat party of 1948 |
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Definition
| Dissatisfied democrats who believed Truman's treatment of USSR was too harsh |
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| Who backed the "Dixiecrats" or the States Rights Democrat party in 1948 |
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Definition
| People against Truman's civil rights policies |
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| Who backed Democrat Truman in 1948 election |
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| African Americans/Farmers/Laborers |
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| Report that shaped US foreign policy during the Cold War |
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| The divide between North and South Korea |
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| Countries under Soviet rule, "buffer" states to protect Soviets from European advancement |
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| Term coined by Winston Churchill addressing join session congress about Soviet rule |
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| $400 million to help Greece/Turkey and other countries trying to eliminate communism in their governments |
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| Describe the accidental president Harry S. Truman |
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Definition
| FDR dismissed his VP Wallace, and then later wins new term with Truman as VP, however when FDR dies, Truman becomes president |
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| What were some of the agreements reached at Yalta in February of 1945? Were they carried out? |
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Definition
-Germany zones
-creation of United Nations
-gave Poland, Bulgaria, Romania own governments
-Stalin gained control of Manchuria (and Chinese interest) |
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| Why were postwar relations between the US and USSR so hostile towards one another? |
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Definition
| Both had unclear intentions which were threatening to each other. Both were super powers at time. Both had conflicted political/economical ideals |
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Term
| What were the IMF and the World Bank? |
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Definition
IMF(International Monetary Fund)-regulates currency rates
World Bank-promotes economic growth
both created by United States |
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| Why did FDR want create the United Nations before the end of the war? |
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Definition
| FDR created UN before end of war while everyone was working together |
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Term
| How did the Allies punish the German leaders after WW2 |
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Definition
| Nuremburg Trials-gave death and long prison sentences to the German leaders |
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Term
| How was Germany divided after WW2? What about Berlin? |
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Definition
| Both were divided into 4 zones. Each zone belonged to either US, Britain, France, or USSR |
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Term
| What was happening to the Soviet section of Germany as well as the Eastern European countries? |
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Definition
| They became satellite countries of the USSR |
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Term
| Describe the telegram sent by George Kennan to President Truman regarding Soviet behavior. What did the policy become known as |
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Definition
| "containment" Kennan said that the USSR power could be stopped by a "firm and vigilant containment" |
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Term
| What historic phrase was used by Winston Churchill to describe Soviet actions in Eastern Europe? |
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Definition
| "An iron curtain has descended across the continent" of Europe |
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Term
| Describe the events that were occurring in Greece and Turkey that led Truman to decisive action |
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Definition
| Communist rebels within Greece (whom Britain couldn't keep aiding). If Greece fell to communism, so would Turkey. Also, Stalin wanted control of Turkey's Dardanelles... led to Truman Doctrine |
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| How did the struggle against the Soviets take on a religious aspect? |
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Definition
| Protestant, Reinhold Niebuhr, clergyman, gave ideological support for Cold War as good vs. evil |
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Term
| What did Truman do in May of 1948. What was America's interest in the Middle East? What impact did that decision have over the past half-century? |
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Definition
| He officially recognized Israel as country. Middle east contained American interest in oil. Since then, Arab relations haven't been strong |
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Term
| What was the US policy after WW2 toward Japan? Who oversaw this? Was it successful? |
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Definition
| Institute new democratic constitution, was overseen by General MacArthur. Successful because Japan cooperated to get it over with |
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| What two events happened in 1949 that tilted the world balance against US and its allies? |
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Definition
| China became communist and USSR created first atomic bomb |
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Term
| What did President Truman announce after the Soviet bomb testing in 1949? Who was bitterly against it and why? |
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Definition
| He ordered production of the hydrogen-bomb which angered scientists who claimed it was too dangerous |
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Term
| Why had the nuclear race reached such a perilous point? |
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Definition
| The nuclear weapons handled were so dangerous to everyone that if set off would cause "genocide" |
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Term
| What did the federal govt. start in 1947 to keep communists out of federal work force |
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Definition
| "Loyalty program" where employees were asked to take oaths and had background checks before accepted into job |
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Term
| What was the Smith Act and describe what happened in 1949. What supreme court case upheld convictions? |
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Definition
| Smith Act-prohibited advocating violent overthrow of government. Dennis vs. US (1951) prosecuted 150 people |
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Term
| Describe events in the Rosenberg case |
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Definition
| Husband and wife, were American communists executed in 1953 for espionage |
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Term
| Why was General MacArthur's move north across the 38th parallel a big mistake? |
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Definition
| China was brought into the war to take action against US forces |
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| Why was General MacArthur relieved of his duties by Truman? |
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Definition
| For insubordination, MacArthur disobeyed Truman's formal orders |
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| What was the sticking point that dragged cease-fire negotiations on until June of 1953 after the Korean war |
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Definition
| Peace discussions and prisoner exchanges dragged the negotiations on |
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| Explain why the end of the second world war in 1945 was both a time of joy and anxiety |
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Definition
Joy-allies beat enemies
anxiety-GNP slumped, inflation 33%, labor strikes |
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Term
| How was the economy in the immediate postwar years similar to after WW1 |
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Definition
-Labor strikes and employment problems
-inflation |
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Term
| Who was the target of the new Republican controlled Congress after WW2? What did they pass? |
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Definition
| Taft-Hartley Act limited union's actions |
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Term
| What public assitance program did Congress pass to help veterans after WW2? |
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Definition
| Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill) let returning vets enter education and buy home/farm loans for cheap |
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Term
| In what ways did the explosion of affluence transform society? |
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Definition
| Economy shifted from manufacturing to service based, provide more jobs for women |
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Term
| How did standard of living change for Americans during 1950-1970? |
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Definition
| Increased, many Americans entered middle class |
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| What group benefited most from postwar prosperity? What ideological problems were posed? |
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Definition
| Women-civil and women's rights fought together after the war. However, women now started to struggle between lifestyle staying at home and lifestyle in workforce |
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Term
| What were three major reasons for unprecedented growth in 1950-1970s |
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Definition
1-Cheap fuel
2-Military budgets
3-WW2 ends depression |
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Term
| What does production mean? |
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Definition
| Making items for selling (amount of output pet hour of work) |
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| What factors effected productivity during 1950-1970s? |
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Definition
| New technology and education of workers |
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Term
| How did agriculture change in the postwar years? |
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Definition
| Introduced agribusiness, machinery made agriculture a big business, eliminated small scale family farms |
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Term
| Why did Americans move to the Sunbelt in Southern and Western United States? |
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Definition
| Climate, taxes, potential job opportunities |
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| What interesting political fact did Kennedy discuss in our book with regards to the Sunbelt? |
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Definition
| Since 1964, every elected president has come from the Sunbelt |
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Term
| What two government policies encouraged the white flight into the suburbs? |
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Definition
| The Federal Housing Administration and the Veterans Administration |
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| What innovators made it possible for families to move? Describe how they were built. |
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Definition
| Levitt brothers created Levittowns, revolutionized techniques of home building |
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Term
| What consumer purchase was needed for the growing families of the 1950s? |
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Definition
| A second car because government created new highways and interstates to drive from suburb to work |
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Term
| What was the huge leap in birthrate called between 1945 and 1960? |
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Definition
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| What effect did white flight have on cities? |
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Definition
| Left minorities/poor people in town and lead to poverty problems and social discrimination |
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