Term
| What was Martin Luther's philosophy? |
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Definition
| The Bible alone is the source of God's word |
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Term
| What was John Calvin's philosophy? |
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Definition
Predestination
-already predetermined whether or not you're going to heaven
-seek to be "converted" to signal whether you were going to heaven
-then show holy behavior as a "visible saint" |
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Term
| What book did John Calvin write? |
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Definition
| Institutes of Christian Religion |
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Term
| Explain the origin of Puritans and Separatists |
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Definition
When King Henry was making the Anglican Church, people wanted to further reform it, or purify it (thus Puritans)
Some believed that only visible saints should be allowed to join, but Henry let all of his subjects in, and Puritans didn't like sharing pews with who they thought were the damned. Thus, they tried to break away and became known as "Separatists" |
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Term
| Why were Puritans persecuted and originally by whom? |
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Definition
| King James I thought that religious dissenters could become political dissenters |
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Term
| How did the Separatist Puritans end up at Plymouth? |
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Definition
They fled England's persecution and went to Holland, but left so as to avoid the "Dutchification" of their children
They then made a deal with the Virginia Company, missed their destination, and wound up in MA, surveying a few nearby spots before landing |
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Term
| Why was the trip on the Mayflower kind of odd? |
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Definition
| the death toll was one, and there was one person born on the Mayflower |
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Term
| When did the Mayflower arrive? |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
Captain Myles Standish |
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Definition
| Fought and negotiated with the Native Americans |
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Term
| V/F James I granted the Puritans a charter upon their settling in Plymouth |
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Definition
| Falsum. The Puritans were squatters |
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Term
| What did the Mayflower Compact entail? |
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Definition
Agreed to
-form a crude gov't
-submit to the will of the majority |
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Term
| Describe the first winter and autumn of the Plymouth settlement |
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Definition
The first winter was brutal, and the Mayflower (with the exception of the Separatists) sailed back to England in the spring
The autumn, however, was prosperous - the first Thanksgiving happened!! |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
William Bradford |
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Definition
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Term
| Who did Plymouth merge with in 1691? |
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Definition
| It merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony |
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Term
| Describe the process of the Non-Separatist Puritan migration |
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Definition
The Non-Separatists were also resented by the gov't, but they slowly gained support in Parliament
In 1629, however, Parliament was dismissed and Charles I persecuted them more
The same year, the Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company |
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Term
Why did the Massachusetts Bay Colony grow so quickly?
Where did everyone else go in the migration? |
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Definition
| So many were fleeing from turmoil in England, but more went to the warm, fertile, sugar-rich West Indies |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
William Laud |
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Definition
| harshly persecuted Non-Separatist Puritans |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
John Winthrop |
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Definition
| First governor of MBC, said he would build a "city upon a hill" |
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Term
| Name three trades that the MBC excelled in |
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Definition
| fur trading, fishing, SHIPBUILDING |
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Term
| The MB colonists thought that they had a covenant with God that entailed a ____ |
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Definition
| holy society as a model for humans |
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Term
| Who were "freemen" in MBC society? |
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Definition
| adult male Puritans who could vote |
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Term
| _______ were allowed at town meetings in the MBC |
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Definition
| all male property holders |
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Term
| Who in the colonies didn't like democracy? |
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Definition
| A certain Mister Winthrop |
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Term
| What are ways in which the MBC really was a democracy? (and ways in which it wasn't?) |
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Definition
YES:
-elect governor, his assistants, a representative assembly, and a general couty
-clergymen could not hold political office
-preachers were elected,salary set
NO:
-only Puritans could be freemen
-God's laws ruled the colony
-established Church |
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Term
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Definition
| Defended government's duty to force religious rules |
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Term
| Nickname for MBC from its theocracy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Jeopardy Q: The Protestants had simple pleasures, and kept them that way with this. |
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Definition
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Term
| How did MBC become known as the blue law state? |
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Definition
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Term
NAME THAT woMAN
Anne Hutchinson |
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Definition
preached antinomianism, which said that "holy life was no sure sign of salvation, and the truly saved need not bother with the laws of God or man"
She told the courts that God told her this
She went to Rhode Island after this, and attacked by Indians in NY |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
Roger Williams |
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Definition
-Salem minister, very popular
-extreme Separatist
-challenged the legality of the MBC charter (land shouldn't have been taken from Indians)
-said that the gov't shouldn't regulate religious behavior
-set up Rhode Island, which didn't have established Church, and didn't make non-believers go. |
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Term
| What did the MBC think of Rhode Island? |
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Definition
| Called it a "sewer in which the Lord's debris had collected and rotted" |
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Term
| which colony was the most tolerant and why? |
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Definition
RI
-religious freedom for Jews and Catholics
-No oaths for religious beliefs
-no mandatory attendance at worship
-no Church taxes
-sheltered Quakers |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
Thomas Hooker |
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Definition
| founded Connecticut River Colony |
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Term
| What was the first recognized constitution in America? |
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Definition
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
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Term
| V/F: Bostonians wanted a closer Church and state than anyone else |
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Definition
BOTH
falsum: it was New Havenites
verum: New Havenites were zealous Bostonians ...though more went to Hartford |
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Term
While CT was a squatter colony, they couldn't get a charter from ___ because...
ALTHOUGH.... |
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Definition
Charles I
bad terms
They got a charter to merge w/ more democratic settlers in CT valley |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
Sir Ferdinando Gorges |
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Definition
| man who tried to colonize Maine, but (the colony) was absorbed by MBC, as well as New Hampshire...until the king separated it again |
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Term
| the _______ Indians befriended English settlers |
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Definition
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Term
| THIS MAN helped with cultural accommodation when the Puritans came, and even spoke English! |
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Definition
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Term
| When more English people came to the CT valley, they had confrontations with the ___ and annihilated them with the ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| THESE THINGS were supposed to convert NAs |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Massoit's son
-AKA King Philip
-Unified NAs to attack (King Philip's War)
-Beheaded, but slowed westward settlement of English |
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Term
| What happened with England's population ....and THEN what happened? |
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Definition
-Epidemics like the Black Death kept it down UNTIL
-built resistance made the population soar |
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Term
| What sparked the major migration to the colonies from England? |
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Definition
| Economic depression, religious depression |
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Term
| Most of the people migrating from England during the huge influx of colonists were ____. This was because... |
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Definition
-young men in the "middling classes"
-were escaping enclosure, business slump |
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Term
| What were some problems with indentured servants? |
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Definition
-40% died before their indenture finished!!
-"freedom dues" weren't much
-Population explosion ended, AND the London fire happened
-society couldn't reproduce w/ such a high death rate and such a slow shortage of women |
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Term
| In 1643, Four colonies ______ because England _____ |
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Definition
| united to become New England because England was in civil war |
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Term
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Definition
| MBC, Plymouth, New Haven, scattered CT settlements (all Puritans) |
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Term
| Which king of England ended the benign neglect of the colonies? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Charles II piss off MA? |
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Definition
-gave charter to CT
-gave new charter to RI
-took away MA's charter |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
Sir Edmund Andros |
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Definition
-governor of Dominion of NE
-openly affiliated with the COE
-enforced English Navigation Laws
-gave taxes w/o consent |
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Term
| What did the NE DOMINION consist of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the English Navigation Laws? |
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Definition
| prohibited trate with any non-English entity (which led to increased smuggling) |
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Term
NAME THAT WAR
The Glorious Revolution |
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Definition
-Old England overthrew Catholic James II
-Put in Protestant Will and Mary
-NE Dominion collapsed when they heard |
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Term
| After the Glorious Revolution, MA was made a ___ with a new __ and a new ____ |
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Definition
royal colony
charter
royal governor |
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Term
| How did NY and Maryland come to a relationship of salutary neglect w/ their gov't? |
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Definition
| inspired by Glorious Rev, tried to take out royal governors |
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Term
| How did the Dutch get rich enough to get into the colonizing game? |
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Definition
| -they rebelled against Spain with Protestant England's help (Anglo-Dutch Wars) |
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Term
| Describe the Dutch peoples' colonization efforts |
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Definition
-colonized East Indies w/ Dutch East India Co.
-sent Henry Hudson to explore Delaware and NY Bay and Hudson River, which was colonized by Dutch West India co. |
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Term
| The Dutch established THIS COLONY for a quick profit in the WHAT busines |
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Definition
New Netherland
fur-tradubg |
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Term
| Manhattan Island was bought for... |
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Definition
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Term
| Manhattan Island was bought for... |
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Definition
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Term
| New Amsterdam was run how? |
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Definition
-with stockholders in mind -strict, religous, and it had PATROONSHIPS
(vast feudal estates with >50 settlers) |
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Term
| What happened with the Dutch colonizing venture |
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Definition
-incomptent directors-generals
-demanding stockholders
-wiped out Thirty Years' War winner Sweden |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
Peter Stuyvesant |
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Definition
| -helped Dutch wipe out Swedish |
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Term
| How did NY come under the English? |
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Definition
| Charles II gave it to his brother, and Stuyvesant was short on munitions, so he had to give in |
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Term
| What was colonial NY like? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-"Religious Society of Friends"
-Refused to pay taxes to the COE
-Believed everyone was a child of God
-wouldn't take oaths (Jesus commanded to "swear not at all")
-refused military service
-passively resistant |
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Term
NAME THAT MAN
William Penn |
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Definition
| -bought land from Indian chief Tammany, made PA, advertised it truthfully, and had a liberal land policy |
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Term
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Definition
| Duke of York handed land over to some nobles, then some Quakers got the land, then the crown combined East and West Jersey |
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Term
| What do the middle colonies have in common? |
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Definition
-bread colonies
-not a lot of waterfalls
-languid rivers-->fur trade
-tolerant
-economic, social democracy |
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Term
| name the "middle colonies" |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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