Term
| Why was slavery good for the north |
|
Definition
| more specifically, the cotton trade: the northern shippers got to trade w/ England for money for manufactured goods |
|
|
Term
The South was burdened with
____, ____, and _____. |
|
Definition
The South was burdened with
depressed prices, unmarketable goods, and over-cropped lands. |
|
|
Term
| The South produced more than ____ the world’s supply of cotton |
|
Definition
| The South produced more than 1/2 the world’s supply of cotton |
|
|
Term
| Which section of the country believed WHAT foreign nation would help them in war? |
|
Definition
The South believed that since England was so dependent on them
that, if civil war was to ever break out, England would support the
South that it so heavily depended on. |
|
|
Term
| In 1850, only ___families owned more than 100 slaves each |
|
Definition
In 1850, only 1733 families owned more than 100 slaves each, and
they were the wealthy aristocracy |
|
|
Term
The Southern aristocrats widened the gap between the rich and the
poor by.... |
|
Definition
The Southern aristocrats widened the gap between the rich and the
poor and hampered public-funded education by sending their children to
private schools. |
|
|
Term
| Who was a favorite Southern aristocrat author? Why? |
|
Definition
a favorite author among them was Sir Walter Scott, author of
Ivanhoe, who helped them idealize a feudal society with them as the
kings and queens and the slaves as their subjects. |
|
|
Term
| How did the plantation system shape the lives of southern women? |
|
Definition
-Mistresses of the house commanded a sizable household of mostly
female slaves who cooked, sewed, cared for the children, and washed
things.
-Mistresses could be kind or cruel, but all of them did at one point
or another abuse their slaves to some degree; there was no
“perfect mistress.” |
|
|
Term
| The economic structure of the South became increasingly monopolistic because .... |
|
Definition
The economic structure of the South became increasingly
monopolistic because as land ran out, smaller farmers sold their land
to the large estate owners. |
|
|
Term
| What economical practices plunged many farmers into debt? |
|
Definition
| Also, the temptation to over-speculate in land and in slaves caused many planters to plunge deep into debt. |
|
|
Term
| Why were slaves sort of a risky purchase? |
|
Definition
| Slaves were valuable, but they were also a gamble, since they might run away or be killed by disease. |
|
|
Term
| Why did the South resent the North? |
|
Definition
-Southerners resented the Northerners who got rich at their expense
while they were dependent on the North for clothing, food, and
manufactured goods.
-The South repelled immigrants from Europe, who went to the North, making it richer. |
|
|
Term
| Beneath the southern aristocrats were... |
|
Definition
| -farming families w/ one/two/family of slaves...very similar to north, but with slaves |
|
|
Term
3/4 of the American white population consisted of...
How many of them were there? |
|
Definition
-slaveless whites
-abt 6 mil |
|
|
Term
How did slaveless whites live?
What did they call the aristocratic class? |
|
Definition
-raised corn and hogs (subsistence, NOT cotton)
-snobocracy |
|
|
Term
what were two common diseases among slaveless whites?
Why did they support slavery? |
|
Definition
-hookworm, malnutrition
-still wanted to own them someday
-liked being above blacks |
|
|
Term
| Who were mountain whites? (5) |
|
Definition
-Those who lived isolated in the wilderness under Spartan frontier conditions,
-hated white aristocrats and Blacks, and
-were key in crippling the Southern secessionists during the Civil War.
-kept Elizabethan habits
-lived in Appalachians |
|
|
Term
| By 1860, free Blacks in the South numbered about _____. |
|
Definition
| By 1860, free Blacks in the South numbered about 250,000. |
|
|
Term
| Northern Blacks were especially hated by the _____. Why? |
|
Definition
| Northern Blacks were especially hated by the Irish, with whom they competed for jobs. |
|
|
Term
Anti-black feeling was stronger in the ____, where people liked
____ but not ____, than in the ____, were people liked the _____, but not the _____. |
|
Definition
Anti-black feeling was stronger in the North, where people liked
the race but not the individual, than in the South, were people liked
the individual (with whom they’d often grown up), but not the
race. |
|
|
Term
| Name an example of blacks being unpopular in the North |
|
Definition
as several states
denied their entrance, most denied them the right to vote and most
barred them from public schools. |
|
|
Term
| V/F: freed slaves would buy their own slaves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the typical free Southern slave |
|
Definition
-influenced by "all men are created equal" ideologies
-In the deep South, they were usually mulattoes (Black mother, White
father who was usually a master) freed when their masters died. |
|
|
Term
| Although slave importation was banned in ____, _________ occurred |
|
Definition
Although slave importation was banned in 1808, smuggling of them
continued due to their high demand and despite death sentences to
smugglers |
|
|
Term
The slave increase (__ million by 1860) was mostly due to their ______
How large was the increase? |
|
Definition
The slave increase (4 million by 1860) was mostly due to their natural reproduction.
Quadrupled |
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference and reason for it between Irish and black work |
|
Definition
Slaves were an investment, and thus were treated better and more
kindly and were spared the most dangerous jobs, like putting a roof on
a house, draining a swamp, or blasting caves...this was for Irishmen |
|
|
Term
| ____, ____, _____, ____, and _____ accounted for half of all slaves in the South. |
|
Definition
| South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana accounted for half of all slaves in the South. |
|
|
Term
| What was a concern of letting blacks vote? |
|
Definition
Slavery also created majorities or near-majorities in the Deep
South |
|
|
Term
| Some women were promised freedom after ___ children born. |
|
Definition
| Some were promised freedom after ten children born. |
|
|
Term
| "Before the Civil War, the South was in some respects not so much a democracy as a/n ___." |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which southern state produced a higher proportion of front-rank statesmen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 southern aristocrats (and colleges that they attended) |
|
Definition
-John C. Calhoun (Yale)
-Jefferson Davis (West Point) |
|
|
Term
| Where were the finer schools in the nineteenth century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is Ivanhoe's love interest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was a common sport practiced by southern aristocrats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| v/f: most mistress/master relationships were strained |
|
Definition
| kind of falsum. they ranged from "affectionate to atrocious" |
|
|
Term
How many white people where there in 1850?
How many were those who owned abt 100 slaves?
How many families was that? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| only ___ of white slaveowners owned slaves/belonged to a slaveowning family |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1860, only _% of the Southern population was foreign-born, as compared with _% for the North |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| v/f: the south led a diverse economy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
how much would a prime field tending slave cost before 1860? After?
How about feeding it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "[slaveless whites] often lived isolated lives, punctuated periodically by _, and _. |
|
Definition
| extended socializing, sermonizing at religious camp meetings |
|
|
Term
| where do the Appalachians stretch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what was a "rich man's war but a poor man's fight" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who was the "barber of Natchez"? |
|
Definition
| William T. Johnson...former slave turned slaveowner of 15 bondsmen |
|
|
Term
| where did many blacks own land? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who was not allowed to testify against whites in court? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What state had a school that allowed black people in? What happened to the school? |
|
Definition
-New Hampshire
-dragged into a swamp |
|
|
Term
| what famous orator was often attacked by northern rowdies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what was the only acquitted slaver? Where did this take place |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where were slaves commonly "sold down the river"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Was breeding slaves encouraged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was slavery's greatest psychological horror? |
|
Definition
| slave auctions, sundering of families |
|
|
Term
| V/F: some states made it illegal to sell children under 11 from their mothers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why were compassionate laws for slaves hard to enforce? |
|
Definition
-slaves couldn't testify in court
-marriages not legally recognized |
|
|
Term
| While there were definitely sadistic floggers, why did the average planter refrain from beating slaves bloody on a regular basis? |
|
Definition
-made for sullen laborers
-lash marks hurt resale values |
|
|
Term
| where did the "black belt" stretch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "In some counties of the Deep South, especially along the lower MI River, blacks accounted for more than _% of the population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How stable was slave family life?
How was this shown? |
|
Definition
-relatively stable except for separations
-naming children for grandparents
-avoided marrying of first cousins |
|
|
Term
| Where did slavery family separations occur? |
|
Definition
| smaller plantations, upper South |
|
|
Term
| V/F: Slaves largely dismissed the over-evangelical spirit of the SGA |
|
Definition
| falsum. Melded African culture w/pertinent Christian aspects...led to spirituals |
|
|
Term
| What led to the "responsorial" style of preaching to develop? (define) |
|
Definition
-African culture - ringshout dance
-congregation frequently punctuates the minister's remarks with assents and amens |
|
|
Term
| NAME THAT MAN: Reverend Elijah P. Lovejoy |
|
Definition
-Alton, Illinois,
-impugned the chastity of Catholic women,
-had his printing press destroyed four times and
-was killed by a mob in 1837;
-he became an abolitionist martyr. |
|
|
Term
For a long time, abolitionists like the extreme Garrisonians were
unpopular, since .......... |
|
Definition
For a long time, abolitionists like the extreme Garrisonians were
unpopular, since many had been raised to believe the values of the
slavery compromises in the Constitution. |
|
|
Term
| describe ways to make trouble without getting punished too badly by a master |
|
Definition
-They worked as slowly as they could without getting lashed.
-They stole food and
-sabotaged expensive equipment.
-they poisoned their masters’ food. |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT REBELLION ORGANIZER:
Rebellions, such as the 1800 insurrection by a slave named ____
in Richmond, Virginia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT REBELLION ORGANIZER:
1831 revolt led by semiliterate preacher ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT REBELLION ORGANIZER:
1822 Charleston rebellion led by ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what did distinguished black leader Booker T. Washington take note of concerning anti-slaveryers? |
|
Definition
| Supporters of abolitionism had to degrade themselves, along with their victims, as noted by distinguished black leader Booker T. Washington. |
|
|
Term
| why couldn't slaves be educated? |
|
Definition
| reading brought ideas of discontent |
|
|
Term
| what % of slaves of adult slaves at the beginning of the civil war were illiterate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did a huge fear of slave rebellion do to owners? |
|
Definition
| bolstered an intoxicating theory of biological superiority? |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
William Lloyd Garrison |
|
Definition
On January 1st, 1831, William Lloyd Garrison published the first
edition of The Liberator triggering a 30-year war of words and in a
sense firing one of the first shots of the Civil War. |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Wendell Phillips |
|
Definition
a Boston patrician known as “abolition’s
golden trumpet” who refused to eat cane sugar or wore cotton
cloth, since both were made by slaves. |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
David Walker |
|
Definition
a Black abolitionist, wrote Appeal to the Colored
Citizens of the World in 1829 and advocated a bloody end to white
supremacy. |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT WOMAN:
Sojourner Truth |
|
Definition
a freed Black woman who fought for black
emancipation and women’s rights, and Martin Delaney, one of the
few people who seriously reconsidered Black relocation to Africa, also
fought for Black rights. |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN
Frederick
Douglass |
|
Definition
who was a great speaker and fought for the Black cause
despite being beaten and harassed
ALSO wrote autobiography ("Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass") |
|
|
Term
| What was the difference between Douglass Garrison's abolitionist opinions? |
|
Definition
While Garrison seemed more concerned with his own righteousness,
Douglass increasingly looked to politics to solve the slavery problem. |
|
|
Term
| What political parties did Douglass support? |
|
Definition
-the Liberty Party
-the Free Soil Party
-Republican Party |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Martin Delaney |
|
Definition
seriously reconsidered Black relocation to Africa, also
fought for Black rights. |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
David Walker |
|
Definition
a Black abolitionist, wrote Appeal to the Colored
Citizens of the World in 1829 and advocated a bloody end to white
supremacy. |
|
|
Term
| Southerners began to organize a campaign talking about slavery’s positive good...what did they argue? |
|
Definition
-Southern slave supporters pointed out how masters taught their slaves religion, made them civilized, treated them well, and gave them
“happy” lives.
-They also noted the lot of northern free Blacks, now were
persecuted and harassed, as opposed to southern Black slaves, who were
treated well, given meals, and cared for in old age. |
|
|
Term
| What was the gag resolution? |
|
Definition
In 1836, Southern House members passed a “gag
resolution” requiring all antislavery appeals to be tabled
without debate, arousing the ire of northerners like John Quincy Adams. |
|
|
Term
| who did Garrison contrast w/? (not Douglass) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Lewis Tappan |
|
Definition
| Many abolitionists’ speeches provoked violence and mob outbursts in the North, such as the 1834 (slaverers) trashing of Lewis Tappan’s New York House. |
|
|
Term
| The South owed the North $___million by the late 1850s, and northern factories depended on southern cotton to make goods. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1835, NAME miraculously escaped a mob that dragged him around the streets of Boston. |
|
Definition
| In 1835, Garrison miraculously escaped a mob that dragged him around the streets of Boston. |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Theodore Dwight Weld |
|
Definition
-converted by Finney in burned-over district
-appealed to uneducated rural farmers |
|
|
Term
| who headed over the Lane Theological Seminary? |
|
Definition
Lyman Beecher
WHO WAS HIS "BROOD"?
Harriet Beecher Stowe, Catharine Beecher, Henry Ward Beecher (preacher-abolitionist) |
|
|
Term
| Who wrote "American Slavery as It Is"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of John Orr's estate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was Liberia established? |
|
Definition
| established for former slaves to go back to Africa |
|
|
Term
| what is FORMER the capital of Liberia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was Garrison arrested? What was his bail? |
|
Definition
-thought he was part of the murderous Turner Conspiracy
-$5,000 |
|
|
