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| Social reformer who worked to improve the lives of the working class. In 1889 she founded Hull House in Chicago, the first private social welfare agency in the U.S., to assist the poor, combat juvenile delinquency and help immigrants learn to speak English. |
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| Provided food, housing, and supplies for the poor and unemployed. |
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| A movement in the late 1800s / early 1900s which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation. |
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| Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives |
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| Early 1900's writer who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. Muckraker novel. |
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| Political machine in New York, headed by Boss Tweed. |
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| Newspaper cartoonist who produced satirical cartoons, he invented "Uncle Sam" and came up with the elephant and the donkey for the political parties. He nearly brought down Boss Tweed. |
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| The second major wave of immigration to the U.S.; betwen 1865-1910, 25 million new immigrants arrived. Unlike earlier immigration, which had come primarily from Western and Northern Europe, the New Immigrants came mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and poverty. Language barriers and cultural differences produced mistrust by Americans. |
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| New York clergyman who preached the social gospel, worked to alleviate poverty, and worked to make peace between employers and labor unions. |
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| Anthony Comstock (1844-1915) |
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| Social reformer who worked against obscenity. |
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| "Cult of True Womanhood": piety, domesticity, purity and submissiveness |
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| While many women were in favor of the women's movement, some were not. Some of these believed in preserving the values of "true womanhood": piety, domesticity, purity and submissiveness. These opponents of the women's movement referred to their ideas as the "Cult of True Womanhood." |
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| Dean of Women at Northwestern University and the president of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. |
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| 1920's - Women started wearing short skirts and bobbed hair, and had more sexual freedom. They began to abandon traditional female roles and take jobs usually reserved for men. |
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| Louis Sullivan (1856-1914) |
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| Known as the father of the skyscraper because he designed the first steel-skeleton skyscraper. Mentor of Frank Lloyd Wright. |
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| A movement of women working for social and economic change around the world. It advocates for young women's leadership, peace, justice, human rights and sustainable development, both on a grassroots and global scale. Goal of the second organization was putting Christian principles into practice by men, acheieved by developing "a healthy spirit, mind, and body." |
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| A Progressive reform movement in North American architecture and urban planning that flourished in the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of using beautification and monumental grandeur in cities. |
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| Volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and alleviate the poverty of, their low-income neighbors. In the US, by 1913 there were 413 settlements in 32 states. |
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| Castle Garden, Ellis Island |
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| Facility that replacedthe state-run Castle Garden Immigration Depot (1855-1890) in Manhattan. It is owned by the Federal government and is now part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, under the jurisdiction of the US National Park Service. |
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| An American journalist, landscape designer and father of American landscape architeture. Was famous for designing many well-known urban parks, including Central Park and Prospect Park in New York City. |
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| Democratic politician who was to be the first Big City Boss of Kansas City, Missouri. |
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| Name given to the attitudes, art, and culture of the latter two-thirds of the 19th century, especially with reference to English-speaking peoples and the British Empire. |
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| Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) |
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| Master of satire. A regionalist writer who gave his stories "local color" through dialects and detailed descriptions. His works include The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, "The Amazing Jumping Frog of Calaverus County," and stories about the American West. |
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| A theatrical genre of variety entertainment in the United States and Canada. Each performance was made up of a series of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. American Show business for several decades. |
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| The area was a major resort and site of amusement parks that reached its peak in the early 20th century. |
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| Feminine ideal as portrayed in the satirical pen and ink illustrated stories. |
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| Aaron Montgomery Ward; Richard Warren Sears |
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| American businessman notable for the invention of mail order; Founder of Sears, Roebuck and Company. Considered to be one of the great American promotional geniuses. |
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| F.W. Woolworth; John Wanamaker |
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| Founder of Foot Locker, an operator of discount stores. Pioneered the now-common practices of buying merchandise direct from manufacturers and fixing prices on items; A much respected and admired United States merchant and considered the father of modern advertising. |
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| American businessman who founded the department store chain R.H. Macy and Company. |
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| A.K.A the Boston Strong Boy. Recognized as the first heavyweight champion of gloved boxing. |
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| An American medical doctor in Battle Creek, Michigan, who ran a sanitarium using holistic methods. Particular focus on nutrition and exercize. Inventor of Corn Flakes. |
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| Marked by refinement in taste and manners "cultivated speech", "polite society." |
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| Many external influences, such as eras of humanism, enlightenment, reformation, and revolution, shaped research universities during their development, and added human rights and international law to the university curriculum. |
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