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| One of the most prolific inventors in U.S. history. He invented the phonograph, light bulb, electric battery, mimeograph and moving picture. |
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Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919), The Gospel of Wealth
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| An American millionaire and philanthropist who donated large sums of money for public works. Owned first million dollar steel company. His book argued that the wealthy have an obligation to give something back to society. |
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| Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over. |
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| President of the AFL, he combined unions to increase their strength. |
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| 1890 - A federal law that committed the American government to opposing monopolies, it prohibits contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade. |
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| Founded by John D. Rockefeller. Largest unit in the American oil industry in 1881. Known as A.D. Trust, it was outlawed by the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1899. Replaced by the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. |
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| Elected head of the Knights of Labor in 1883. An American labor union originally established as a secret fraternal order and noted as the first union of all workers. |
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| Chinese Exclusion Act1882 |
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| Denied citizenship to Chinese in the U.S. and forbid further immigration of Chinese. Supported by American workers who worried about losing their jobs to Chinese immagrants who would work for less pay. |
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| 100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and rallied in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant feelings. |
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| A written contract between employers and employees in which the employees sign an agreement that they will not join a union while working for the company. |
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| Henry George, Progress and Poverty |
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| Said that poverty was the inevitable side-effect of progress. |
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| An American labor union originally established as a secret fraternal order and noted as the first union of all workers. It was founded in 1869 in Philadelphia by Uriah Stephens and a number of fellow workers. |
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| Established 1866, and headed by William Sylvis and Richard Trevellick, it concentrated on producer cooperation to achieve goals. |
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| American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
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| Began in 1886 with about 140,000 members; by 1917 it had 2.5 million members. It is a federation of different unions. |
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| Edward Bellamy, Looking Backwards |
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| 1888 - Utopian novel which predicted the U.S. woudl become a socialist state in which the government would own and oversee the means of production and would unite all people under moral laws. |
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