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| A moderate, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty. |
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| An Abolitionist who practiced armed insurrection as a means to end slavery. Led the Pottawatomie Massacre and Raid on Harper's Ferry. |
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| The same Senator who had been caned by Brooks in 1856, sumner returned to the Senate after the outbreak of the Civil War. He was the formulator of the state suicide theory, and supporter of emancipation. He was an outspoken radical Republican involved in the impeachment of Andrew Johnson. |
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| Daniel Webster (1782-1852) |
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| A great American orator. He gave several important speeches, first as a lawyer, then as a Congressman. He was a major representative of the North in pre-Civil War Senate debates, just as Sen. John C. Calhoun was the representative of the South in that time. |
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| Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, with irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad. |
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| An attempt at a comprehensive adjustment of the territorial questions. Made popular sovereignty the criterion for utah's statehood bid. Defined borders of California, Texas, New Mexico, and Utah. US assumed texas debt. Banned importation of slaves in D.C. |
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| 1854 - This act repealed the Missouri Compromise and established a doctrine of congressional nonintervention in the territories. Popular sovereignty (vote of the people) would determine whether Kansas and Nebraska would be slave or free states. |
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| The pro-slavery constitution suggested for Kansas' admission to the union. It was rejected. |
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| 1867 - An eager expansionist, he was the energetic supporter of the Alaskan purchase and negotiator of the deal often called "Seward's Folly" because Alaska was not fit for settlement or farming. |
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| Passed by several states in the north in response to the fugitive slave act. Designed to protect free blacks by making slave bounty hunters provide proof that the slave was a runaway. Also gave blacks rights to a trial by jury. |
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| During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Douglas said that Congress couldn't force a territory to become a slave state against its will. |
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| Crittenden Compromise proposal |
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| A desperate measure to prevent the Civil War, introduced by John Crittenden, Senator from Kentucky, in December 1860. The bill offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves. Republicans, on the advice of Lincoln, defeated it. |
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| The recommendation that the U.S. offer Spain $20 million for Cuba. It was not carried through in part because the North feared Cuba would become another slave state. |
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| The US realized that part of the stagecoach routes to California were still in Mexico after the War. US minister to Mexico drew up a treaty that would provide purchase of the territory. Making up part of Arizona and New Mexico. |
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| Opposed immigration and Catholic influence. |
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