Term
|
Definition
opioids
cannabinoids
GHB
LSD |
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Term
|
Definition
Nicotine
alcohol
Benzodiazipines
phencyclidine/ketamine |
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|
Term
|
Definition
cocaine
amphetamine
ecstasy |
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Term
|
Definition
| heroin + fentanyl or cocaine |
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|
Term
| drugs of opioid withdrawal |
|
Definition
methadone
clonidine
naltrexone
buprenorphine |
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|
Term
| clonidine is a ___________________ |
|
Definition
| a adrenergic agonist in the locus ceruleus in the pons |
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|
Term
| Acetominophen blocks the degradation of ________________ |
|
Definition
| FAAH (degrades anandamide) |
|
|
Term
| beneficial effects of marijuana |
|
Definition
anti-nausea (use with chemo)
muscle relaxant, anti-convulsant
reduce intra-ocular pressure for glaucoma |
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|
Term
| lower doses of THC ___________ appetite |
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Definition
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|
Term
| higher doses of THC ______________ appetite |
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Definition
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Term
| a THC analog used to treat nausea and vomiting refractory to other agents, improving appetite, and helping with cachexia and HIV wasting. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Δ9-THC analog for adjunct therapy of chronic pain |
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Definition
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|
Term
| inverse agonist of CB1 receptor. For smoking cessation and treatment of obesity with BMI (body mass index) of >30 kg/m2. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| opioid toxicity acute signs |
|
Definition
Euphoric mood
Drowsiness
Nausea, emesis
Needle tracks
Respiratory depression
Peripheral vasodilation
Miosis (Pinpoint pupils)
Pulmonary edema
Coma
Death. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pupillary dilation, hypertension, tachycardia, flushing, salivation, lacrimation, hyperreflexia. |
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|
Term
| use _________ and _____________ In cases where "flashbacks" occur (mental imagery from a "bad trip" triggered by mild stimuli), |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ritanserin is ______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lorazepam is used for _______________ in LSD tx |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| alcohol withdrawal sx within 8 hrs |
|
Definition
Anxiety, tremor, elevated vital signs (fever, tachycardia, hypertension).
Sweating, nausea, diarrhea, dilated pupils. |
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|
Term
| alcohol withdrawal sx 24-48 hrs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alcohol withdrawal sx Within 24–72 hours or up to 10 days |
|
Definition
Delirium tremens - acute organic psychosis
Visual hallucinations (often of snakes, bugs)
Mental confusion
Diaphoresis
Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia |
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|
Term
| asterixis (flapping tremor) is a sign of |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| treat chronic alcoholism with ______________ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| cirrhotic liver and hepatic encephalopathy are signs of ______________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase, causing toxic reactions |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Opiate antagonist (50 mg daily), lessens the pleasures of alcohol. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| blunts mesolimbic dopamine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| competitive inhibitor of NMDA type glutamate receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| withdrawal sx of benzodiazepines |
|
Definition
Anxiety
Photo- and sound sensitivity
Paresthesia
Muscle cramps, Myoclonic jerks
Sleep disturbance
Dizziness
Seizures, Delirium |
|
|
Term
| Antidote: benzodiazepine receptor antagonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sx of acute barbiturate tox |
|
Definition
Stupor or coma
Respiratory depression
Circulatory collapse |
|
|
Term
| no antidote for treatment of ___________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clinical pic of barbiturate withdrawal |
|
Definition
First day: restlessness, anxiety, tremor, nausea, vomiting, weakness
Next few days: grand mal seizures, weight loss
End of first week: psychosis (delusions and hallucinations) |
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|
Term
| Treatment: No antidotes. Supportive measures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DRUGS THAT BIND TO BIOGENIC AMINE TRANSPORTERS |
|
Definition
| cocaine, amphetamine and ecstasy |
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|
Term
| cocaine inhibits __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| VMAT so more dopamine gets nonvesicular release increaseing etracellular levels |
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|
Term
| treat withdrawal from cocaine with ______________ |
|
Definition
| bromocriptine (dopamine receptor agonist) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nasal bleeding, hoarseness, headaches, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, depression.
Cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, myocarditis
Seizures
Premature labor, abruptio placentae. |
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|
Term
| fever is a pathognomonic sx of _______________ withdrawal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class of drugs that are derivatives of MDMA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| non-medical use of drugs for euphoria, feeling of reward or altered perception |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| tolerance and withdrawal comes from ______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pharmacokinetic (metabolic) tolerance |
|
Definition
| induction of liver enzymes for drug metabolism |
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|
Term
| Pharmacodynamic tolerance |
|
Definition
adaptation of receptors
Receptor compensation - increased sensitivity; increased density
Second messenger compensation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tolerance on dose response curve |
|
Definition
| shift of the curve to the right – higher doses required to achieve the same effects |
|
|
Term
| dose response curve sensitization |
|
Definition
| leftward curve shift – subsequent same dose produces greater effect |
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|
Term
| Opioid Tolerance and Withdrawal Mechanisms |
|
Definition
| opioids cause decrease in adenylate cyclase = less cAMP, body makes up for it by making more adenylate cyclase = normal cAMP, so when remove opioid get tons of cAMP until adenylate cyclase normalizes! |
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|
Term
| Cocaine, amphetamine, ethanol, opioids, nicotine all ___________ dopamine in the ________________ |
|
Definition
| increase; nucleus accumbens |
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|
Term
| drugs of abuse generally have these 3 characteristics: |
|
Definition
1)euphoria producing
2)rapid onset of action
3)rapid delivery to CNS |
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|
Term
| the reward circuit links what 3 structures: |
|
Definition
| ventral tegmental area, the nucleus accumbens and the ventral pallidum. |
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|
Term
| ___________ is the reward center |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| NOVEL NATURAL STIMULUS has ___________ input from the prefontal cortex |
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Definition
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|
Term
| FAMILIAR NATURAL STIMULUS has ___________ input from the pre-frontal cortex, amygdala and hippocampus. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| increase stimulus from the _____________ is responsible for ADDICTED DRUG STIMULUS |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks DA uptake or prevent synaptic depletion of DA |
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|
Term
| class I drugs cause __________ of dopaminergic neurons |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| class II can ____________ or directly ______________ dopaminergic neurons |
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Definition
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|
Term
| GHB acts on the _____________ receptor |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| LSD acts on ________________ receptor |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| LSD is a ___________ agonist |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| benzodiazepines bind the ________ receptor |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| phencyclidine binds the ___________ receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opioids bind to µ-receptors and inhibit the interneurons, this causes: |
|
Definition
| disinhibition of dopaminergic neurons |
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|
Term
| pinpoint pupils is a sign of : |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| treatment for acute tox of opioids: |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| + mydriasis, piloerection, anorexia, tremors are signs of ___________ withdrawal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 drugs for opioid withdrawal: |
|
Definition
1) methadone* (main one)
2) clonidine
3) naltrexone
4) buprenorphine |
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|
Term
| anandamine is degraded by ____________ |
|
Definition
| FAAH = fatty acid amide hydrolase |
|
|
Term
| anandamide is a _______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cannabinoids cause _____________ on dopaminergic neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2-arachydonyl glycerol and anandamide are _____________ messengers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bhang’ acts as an appetite ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ‘ganja’ and ‘charas’ ____________ appetite. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this drug can be used for smoking cessation and treatment of obesity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| psychedelic agents do not induce __________ or ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| *pupillary dilation, hypertension, tachycardia, flushing, salivation, lacrimation, hyperreflexia are signs of what drug toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| block behavioral and electrophysiological effects of hallucinogens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| haloperidol is an _____________ drug that can be used to treat LSD tox |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 serving of alcohol in 70 kg person may produces a blood alcohol level of __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood level __________ = Intoxication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Delirium tremens - acute organic psychosis
Visual hallucinations (often of snakes, bugs)
Mental confusion
Diaphoresis
Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia:
signs and symptoms of _____________ |
|
Definition
| alcohol withdrawal 24-72 hrs or up to 10 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psychosis from alcohol withdrawal |
|
|
Term
Bacteria produce NH3 from proteins in the gut.
The cirrhotic liver cannot convert NH3 to urea. This happens in chronic alcoholism causing _________________-- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neomycin is used for _______________ |
|
Definition
| hepatic encephalopathy (kills bacteria in gut making tons of NH3) |
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|
Term
| lactulose may be used to treat _______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| action of naltrexone in alcoholism |
|
Definition
| Lessens the pleasure of alcohol |
|
|
Term
| flumazenil may be used to treat ______________ abuse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the antidote for barbiturate overdose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Compensatory GABAA receptor down-regulation persistent elevated central cholinergic activity after withdrawal:
this is characteristic of ___________ withdrawal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________________ increase the nonvesicular release of DA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treat cocaine withdrawal with _______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bromocriptine is a ______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 amphetamines with less abuse potential: |
|
Definition
1)phenylpropanolamine
2)mazindol |
|
|
Term
| Khat is used to make ______________- |
|
Definition
| alkaloid cathinone (like amphetamines) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| foster feelings of intimacy and empathy without impairing intellect. |
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