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| The year William the Conqueror became the first Norman king of England after defeating the English at the Battle of Hastings. This laid the foundation for centralized government. |
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| The year the Italian navigator, Christopher Columbus, who sailed with the support of the Spanish crown, arrived in the Americas. |
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| The year the Magna Carta was signed by King John. It was the first document to limit the power of government. |
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| The year the French Revolution began with a peasant revolt that sought to limit the powers of the Catholic church and weaken the power of the nobility and monarch. |
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| The years of World War I which were triggered by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and ended with the Treaty of Versailles. |
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| The years of World War II, which began with the German invasion of Poland and ended with the U.S. bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. |
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| Found along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, this was the first early river civilization. The cities in this area were governed by city-states and used irrigation to produced their corps. |
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| This religion was founded by Siddhartha Gautama and explained the way to salvation through self-discipline and poverty. It evolved from Hinduism in northern India and Nepal. |
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| An economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and supply and demand answer the economic questions of what, when, why, and how to produce. |
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| A political and economic system where factors of production are collectively owned and directed by the state. |
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| This religion is a belief in one God and in Jesus Christ as the messiah who freed followers from Roman rule and fulfilled the prophesy of the scriptures. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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This document was
adopted on July 4, 1776. It
established the 13 American colonies as independent states, free from rule by Great Britain. Thomas Jefferson wrote the
majority of this document. |
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| Constitutional Government |
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| A system of government in which the functions of government are defined by a constitution. It effectively restrains the powers of the government and guarantees certain rights to the people. |
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| Democratic-Republican Government |
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| A form of government that began in Ancient Rome, where citizens elected representatives to make laws and establish public policies. |
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| A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. |
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| During this turning point in history people changed from hunting and gathering food to domesticating animals and cultivating land as farmers. |
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| A religious reform movement which challenged political and ecclesiastical authority of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages. |
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| An intellectual movement concentrated in France during the 1700’s developed rational laws to describe social behavior and applied their findings in support of human rights and liberal economic theories. |
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| This period of time following World War II is where the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers and faced off in an arms race that lasted nearly 50 years. |
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| A political system based on the rule of local lords bound to a king by ties of loyalty. It developed as a system of local defense against invaders in western Europe, China, and Japan. |
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| The era was marked by a revival of the art, architecture, thought, and culture of ancient Greece and Rome. |
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| A legal code developed by King Hammurabi of Mesopotamia. The code was influential in the establishment of Hebrew and Islamic law and in the U.S. judiciary system. It specified crimes and punishments to help judges impose penalties. |
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| A system of government characterized by strict social and economic control and a strong, centralized government usually headed by a dictator. First found in Italy by Mussolini. |
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| To make clear the powers of England’s monarchy in 1689, the English Parliament drafted a list of things that they could not do like no taxing without permission from Parliament. |
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| An eastern religion which evolved from an ancient Aryan religion in which followers strive to free their soul from reincarnation until the soul is finally freed. This religion is practiced primarily in India. |
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| A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. |
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| A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims. |
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| This code was composed by the Emperor Justinian based on Roman laws, were the clearest and most comprehensive laws of the time. It spread Roman legal principles beyond the Empire. |
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| John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government |
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| The essay written by English philosopher and political theorist John Locke that explained a “social contract” theory which proposed that men form a social contract to agree to create a government to protect their natural rights of life, liberty and property. |
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| The spread of ideas, diseases, products, and people between lands. An example of this was the trade of silk and the spread of the Bubonic Plague, and the Islamic religion along the Silk Road.. |
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| A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament. |
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| This early civilization included Mexico and Central America and it was based on sedentary agriculture and the cultivation of corn and food production. |
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| This document was signed by King John in 1215. It was the first document that limited the power of the government. |
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| Adolf Hitler used fascism to create this type of government based on totalitarian ideas and was used to unite Germany during the 1930s. |
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| An economic system based on the manor and lands including a village and surrounding acreage which were administered by a lord. It developed during the Middle Ages to increase agricultural production. |
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| This political revolution began with the Declaration of Independence in 1776 where American colonists sought to balance the power between government and the people and protect the rights of citizens in a democracy. |
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| Neolithic Agricultural Revolution |
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| This social revolution was also known as the New Stone Age where people changed from hunting and gathering food to domesticating animals and cultivating land as farmers. |
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| In this bloodless revolution, the English Parliament and William and Mary agreed to overthrow James II for the sake of Protestantism. This led to a constitutional monarchy and the drafting of the English Bill of Rights. |
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| This type of government is where the authority is held by a bicameral legislature called a Parliament. In Great Britain, it includes a House of Commons and a House of Lords. |
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| This principle of government states that political power rests with the people. This power is expressed by voting and free participation in government. |
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| This political revolution began with a peasant revolt in France in 1789. The French sought to limit the powers of the Catholic church, to weaken the power of the nobility and the monarch and strengthen the political voice of the common |
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| This powerful religion exerted considerable control over European society during the Middle Ages. It prompted some to challenge its doctrines during the protestant Reformation where it began losing power. |
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| Prompted by labor unrest, personal liberties, and elected representatives, this political revolution occurred in 1917 when Czar Nicholas II was murdered and Vladimir Lenin sought control to implement his ideas of socialism. |
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| The ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another. Social standing is based on degrees of wealth, prestige, education and power. |
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| The view that the present well-being of mankind should predominate over religious considerations in civil or public affairs. |
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| An economic system in which government owns some factors of production and participates in answering economic questions. It offers some security and benefits to those who are less fortunate, homeless, or under-employed. |
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A principle of government where the central
government is divided into two or more branches, each having its own
responsibilities and
authorities. |
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| This man is considered the greatest thinker of his era, a great mathematician and physicist who explained the principle of the lever and other inventions |
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| The entrance to the Persian Gulf from the Indian Ocean, has been a strategic focus in world affairs for thousands of years. In the last few decades some 25% of the world’s oil production has passed through it |
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| An English physicist and chemist, this man discovered the nature of elements and compounds and the basis of modern chemistry. |
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