Term
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Definition
| the type of speech that is typically addressed to youn language learners (also called motherese) |
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Term
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Definition
| the type of speech that is typically addressed to second language learners characterized by such properties as simple word order and more common vocabulary items (also called teacher talk) |
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Term
| second language aquisition (SLA) |
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Definition
| the aquisition of proficiency in a language that is not one's first language |
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Term
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Definition
| phenomenon of children aquiring two languages simultaneously |
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Definition
| the dynamic grammatical system that an L2 learner is using at a particular period in his or her acquisition of a second language |
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Definition
| a property of an interlanguage grammar that has reached a plateau and has ceased to change |
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Term
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Definition
| a speaker's knowledge of the linguistic and social rules or principles for language production or perception |
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Term
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Definition
| competence in the structural aspects of language at or below the sentence level |
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Term
| sociolinguistic competence |
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Definition
| the subcomponent of communicative competence that characterizes the knowledge and skills necessary for second language learners to use language appropriately in a specific situation |
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Term
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Definition
| the subcomponent of communicative competence that characterizes the knowledge and skills necessary for second language learners to produce and comprehend well-formed texts beyond the sentence level |
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Definition
| a speaker's knowledge of how a language functions |
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Definition
| structures that are complex or less common |
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Term
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Definition
| those characteristics of language that are considered to be less complex and/or universally more common in languages |
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Term
| markedness differential hypothesis |
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Definition
| the hypothesis that L2 elements that are different and more marked than the L1 elements will cause difficulty in learning |
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Term
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Definition
| grammatical utterances in the learner's linguistic environment |
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Term
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Definition
| a learning principle stating that the initial or default setting of a parameter will correspond to the most restrictive option (i.c. the option that permits the fewest patterns) |
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Term
| similarity differential rate hypothesis |
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Definition
| the hypothesis that claims that the rates of acquisition for dissimilar phenomena in two languages are faster than for similar phenomena |
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Term
| impaired representation hypothesis |
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Definition
| the hypothesis that second language learners'grammars are lacking certain grammatical features |
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Term
| missing surface inflection hypothesis |
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Definition
| the hypothesis that second language learners may omit surface morphology at times but that their grammars encode appropriate grammatical features |
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Term
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Definition
| a cognitive style in which foreground and background information are integrated |
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Term
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Definition
| a cognitive style in which relevant information is perceived clearly against the information background |
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Term
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Definition
| whether the learner has the correct representation of a particular linguistic structure |
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Term
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Definition
| the rapid retrieval or processing of the representation of a particular linguistic structure |
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Term
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Definition
| the ways in which language learners process language input and develop linguistic knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| strategies used by L2 learners when they are lacking the necessary linguistic knowledge to say what they want to say (e.g. paraphrasing) |
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Term
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Definition
| the linguistic input to which the L2 learner is exposed that is slightly beyond his or her competence in the target language |
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Term
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Definition
| the overall rating for the degree of nativeness |
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