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| The view that faith takes precedence over reason. |
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| The belief in the possibility of a higher level of spiritual knowledge. |
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| A heresy denying the divinity of Christ, originating with the Alexandrian priest Arius. |
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| Use rational and evidential arguments with the goal of addressing intellectual objections to the faith. |
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| Believe there are no rationalistic evidences for faith. |
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| The view that reason takes precedence over faith. |
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| The belief that faith and reason are distinct and unrelated. |
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| Experience holds precedence. |
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| The only meaningful philosophical problems are those that can be solved by logical analysis. |
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| Conclusion is suggested based solely on something or someone's origin rather than its current meaning or context. |
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| Argument based on misrepresentation of an opponent's position. |
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| Knowledge of God based on observed facts and experience apart from divine revelation. |
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| Against evidentialism. States that the Holy Spirit produces faith through the bible. |
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| Claim that "It is impossible to know the truth of any statement." |
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| The view that one cannot possess knowledge in some particular domain. |
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| Constructive argument for the truthfulness of Christianity./Deconstructive arguments against the truthfulness of other worldviews. |
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| Responding to objections to support that which is being attacked./Responding to show that an objection itself is misguided. |
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| The branch of philosophy concerned with questions about knowledge and belief and related issues such as justification and truth. |
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| Generalizations are drawn from specific examples. The conclusion is probable. |
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| The conclusion follows inevitably from the premises. The conclusion is assured. |
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| A restrained and humbled approach to knowledge claims. |
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| The branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles of abstract concepts. |
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| A claim that is true regardless of belief in that claim. |
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| Claim that is only true to certain parties/from certain perspectives. |
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| Denial of any absolute or objective standards, especially in ethics. |
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| Wrote (Second) Apology- pagan philosophers, being enlightened by divine logos, were, in some sense, Christian without knowing it. |
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| Wrote "Against Heresies" which was a refutation of Gnosticism. |
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| Argued that Christians prove the truth of their faith by their lives. |
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| Wrote "Centra Celsum", which defended the divinity of Christ, the resurrection, and the historicity of the Bible. |
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| in "The Free Choice of the Will", he argues for the existence of God from the existence of truth. |
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| Invented the Ontological argument for God's existence. |
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| Wrote "Summa Contra Gentiles". Argued that some truths are beyond human reason. |
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| "Reason, thou art foolish." |
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| Claimed everyone possesses the "sensus divinitatus", an innate sense of God,, which is corrupted by sin. |
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| Wrote "Essay Concerning Human Understanding", claiming that religious belief must have rational justification. |
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| Noted how Jesus uniquely meets our needs in our "human condition". |
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| Articulated the Teleological Argument. |
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| Claimed Christianity was true because of its absurdity. |
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| Claimed that God is "wholly other", and cannot be approached through human reason. |
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| Defended presuppositionalism. |
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| Developed an argument for Christian belief based on universal human longing. |
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| Belief in God is "properly basic" and needs no other outside justification. |
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-Accurately Represent Jesus
-Use a Christ-like attitude
-Remain Relevant
-Be genuine about information and limitation.
-Seek spiritual Guidance |
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| Consequences of the Fact/Value Split |
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| The "value" story is increasingly treated as less substantial, and therefore less important. All matters of faith and morality are being privatized and an exercise of our sovereign choice. |
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| Corresponds with known facts about external reality, is Coherent with itself, and is pragmatic. |
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| The Law of Non-Contradiction |
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| Contradictory positions cannot be simultaneously true. |
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| The Law of the Excluded Middle |
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| Either a certain claim, or it's negation is true. |
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