Term
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Definition
| an acquired disturbance in reading; a loss or impairment of the ability to comprehend written or printed language caused by brain damage |
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Term
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Definition
| is a developmental disorder manifested by difficulties to learning to read despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity. It is dependent on fundamental cognitive disabilities which are frequently of constitutional origin |
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Term
| fundamental knowledge of alexia is thanks to: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| alexia with agraphia and alexia without agraphia |
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Term
| alexia without agraphia is also called: |
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Definition
| pure alexia, occipital alexia, agnosic alexia, posterior alexia, word-blindness, verbal alexia, letter-by-letter reading |
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Term
| where is the damage for pure alexia? |
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Definition
| left mesial occipital damage |
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Term
| alexia w/out agraphia (major symptoms) |
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Definition
| dissociation between ability to read and to write; letter-by letter reading; normal writing; derivational (morphological) paralexias -> taking take); correct spelling; ability to change the type of letter. (can read letters) |
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Term
| alexia with agraphia (aka) |
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Definition
| parietal-temporal alexia, central alexia, literal alexia, apasic alexia, letter blindness |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to read letters (total alexia); copying is better than spontaneous writing; inability to change the type of letter from upper to lower case; reading other symbolic systems (e.g., numbers) is also impaired |
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Term
| kids with dyslexia have damage near... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| visuospatial alexia; neglect alexia |
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Term
| spatial alexia (symptoms) |
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Definition
| asymmetric reading; difficulties in the spatial recognition of letters; left hemi-spatial neglect; complete's/confabulates/guesses what words are; mirror-letter difficulty; inability to follow a text; grouping and fragmenting |
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Term
| errors noted in spatial alexia |
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Definition
| errors in reading letters; literal substitutions; syllables and pseudowords substitutions; letter additions and omissions; hemispacial neglect; confabulation in words; word splitting |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior alexia, broca aphasia alexia |
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Term
| frontal alexia (characteristics) |
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Definition
| reading understanding is better than reading aloud; meaningful words; errors are similar to spoken language errors; agrammatic reading; verbal reading is better than literal reading |
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Term
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Definition
| in general, aphasic patients present defects in reading as a result of their linguistic defect |
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Term
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Definition
| in blind people has been observed in cases of bilateral or right occipital lesions |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to read following the letters with the fingers with a normal visual reading has been reported in left parietal damage |
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Term
| up to now we have been talking about |
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Definition
| the classical interpretation of alexia (aka anatomically or neurologically based alexia) |
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Term
| Psycholinguistic models of alexia |
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Definition
| emphasis changes from the anatomical correlates to the functional mechanisms of alexias |
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Term
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Definition
| cutting the splenium of the corpus callosum without associated occipital damage. Difficulties with reading the info presented in the left visual field |
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Term
| A model for normal reading is proposed: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| written word is associated with the representation of the word in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| written word is converted in a spoken word following certian graphophonemic rules. meaning is obtained using a phonological mediation. |
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Term
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Definition
| the word is correctly recognized but there are defects in the semantic or phonologic processing of the word (phonological, surface, and deep alexia) |
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Term
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Definition
| defects in the correct recogognition of the word; eltter-by-letter reading; neglect reading; attentional alexia |
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Term
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Definition
| indirect route (phono) impaired; direct (lexical) preserved; inability to read pseudowords; relative ability to read real words; frequency is crucial; visual paralexias are frequent |
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Term
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Definition
| indirect route (phonological) preserved; direct route (lexical) impaired; reading regular words and pseudowords; regularization of irregular words. |
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Term
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Definition
| both routes are impaired and jsut some few residual abilities remain; semantic paralexias (lawyer -> attorney); grammatical category and imaginability; impossible to read pseudowords; morphological (derivational) paralexias; aphasia and agraphia always observed |
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Term
| Reading ability in two writing systems can be dissociated |
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Definition
| (e.g., syllabic Kana and logographic Kanji) |
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