Term
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Definition
| Measure of Mass Per Unit of Air, contigent of gravity |
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Term
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Definition
| Level of atmosphere where we live, weather takes place here, gets warmer as you go up. |
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Term
| 78% N2, 21% 02,trace H2O, AR, and CO2 |
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Definition
| Composition of Troposphere |
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Term
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Definition
| Short Term Atmospheric Conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of Average Temperature and Average Precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
| Second Layer of the atmosphere, Contains Ozone which blocks out harmful UV rays. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ozone Blocks out 95% of this |
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Term
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Definition
| O3, Considered the good kind of Ozone |
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Term
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Definition
| Dangerous variety of Ozone, caused by Smog and Pollution |
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Term
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Definition
| Cooler Denser Air, Less water vapor, less humidity, clear sunny skies |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower Denstiy, More Water Vapor, forms clouds and precipitation, creates stroms and Hurricaines |
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Term
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Definition
| Warm air overides cool air, longer duration, causes clouds and rain. [image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Cool Air going underneath warm air, moves quickly causes thunder clouds and high winds, very sudden |
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Term
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Definition
| the temperature below which the water vapor in air at constant barometric pressure condenses into liquid water at the same rate at which it evaporates. |
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Term
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Definition
| When large warm air masses move rapidly over the more dense mass of cold air and rises rapidly to form strong verticle convection currents that suck air upwards. |
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Term
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Definition
| when Low Pressure cells form over Warm Tropical Ocean Water. There is rapid evaporation and condesation as winds begin to swirl due to the low prressure, when it cools it starts to violently rain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by cold front, a rapidly moving towering cloud |
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Term
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Definition
| Hurricane Force Winds that circle the Earth and have a Strong Infulence of Weather Patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| When a warm front or a cold front stops moving |
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Term
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Definition
| When Wind blows warm water away from a coast and pushes cold nutrient rich water to the top. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing of Wind directions, consits of El Niño and La Niña. |
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Term
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Definition
| When winds in Southern American Pacific Coastal Waters change from goin East to West to going to West to East. Causes warmer waters but fewer upwellings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes water in Southern American Coastal Waters to change from blowing West to East to blowing East to West. Causes more upwellings and cooler water. |
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Term
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Definition
| Different areas that experience different climates. |
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Term
| Factors that affect global air circulation |
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Definition
| Uneven Heating of the Earth's Surface, Tilt of the Earth's Axis, Seasonal Changes, and Air speed of Wind in over Equator vs. over the Poles. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the Earth's Atomosphere traps some Gasses instead of ejecting all of it out into space. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unatural Increase of Greenhouse Gasses caused by Human Activity. Burning Fossile Fuels, effects of Agriculture, and Deforestation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wind Patterns that typically only blow in one direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevailing Winds pick up moisture from the ocean and releases the moisture on the windward side of a mountain, while on the leeward side of the mountain dry air decends and releases very little moisture. This creates micro climates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rain Shadow Effect causes this side to be moist |
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Term
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Definition
| Rain Shadow Effect causes this side to have dry climates |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the Earth's internal and external processes |
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Term
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Definition
| Those who study the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| The concept that Earth is every changing |
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Term
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Definition
| Hot solid layer of the Earth, surronded by a molten outer layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Solid layer of the Earth, surrounds the core, thickest layer of the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| Very thin outermost layer of the Earth, oceanic and continental |
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Term
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Definition
| Located just under the lithosphere this layer is located in the upper mantle, it is generally solid but parts of it could be melted. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Crust located on ocean floor |
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Term
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Definition
| Moves large volumes of heat and rock like a conveyer belt in large loops. Soft hot rock is pushed upwards, and hard rock is pushed downward as it cools |
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Term
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Definition
| Mantle Rock flows up slowly like smoke in a chimney and then spreads out in a radical pattern in all directions like an umbrella |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains the crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle, tectonic plates are in this layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| There are about 15 of these, they move along the astenosphere and they are slowly moving and interacting with eachother. |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory of Alfred Wegner, the crust and the continents of the Earth are not fixed but in constant motion. |
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Term
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Definition
| When two plates move away from eachother, results in mid ocean ridges or a rift. |
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Term
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Definition
| When two plates come together. A trench will form in the ocean or a mountain if its on land. |
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Term
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Definition
| When two plates converge and the denser one slips under the less dense plate and pushes it into the mantle . This can cause Earthquakes |
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Term
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Definition
| The area of collision between two convergent plates |
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Term
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Definition
| What will typically form when two oceanic plates converge |
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Term
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Definition
| When two plates rub against eachother laterally. No major land form is created, but there is a high chance of Earthquakes. |
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Term
| External Processes of Earth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The Process in which material is dissolved, loosned, or worn from one part of the Earth and is moved away to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical, Chemical, or Biological process that breaks down rocks and minerals |
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Term
| Physical/Mechanical Weathering |
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Definition
| Where a large rock is broken down into smaller pieces mostly by frost wedging |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in which water collects in pores of rocks, expands upon freezing, and splits off pieces of rock. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where one or more chemical reactions decompose a mass of rock. Most common with oxygen and carbon dioxdie. |
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Term
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Definition
| The conversion of rock or minerals into smaller particles through the action of living things, such as Lichen producing chemicals and acids that breakdown rock. |
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Term
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Definition
| The faulting or a later abrupt movement on an existing fault. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to measure Earthquakes. Valued 1-10, where each interger is ten times greater than the previous. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measured by the amount of energy released in the shockwaves of an Earthquake. |
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Term
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Definition
| Instrument used to measure magnitude |
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Term
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Definition
| Shockwaves that gradually decrease in frequency after the main shockwaves. |
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Term
| Primary Effects of Earthquakes |
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Definition
| Massive release of energy, shaking, permanent displacement of the ground |
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Term
| Secondary Effects of Earthquakes |
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Definition
| Landslides, Flooding, Fires, Sinkholes, Tsunamis |
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Term
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Definition
| Motion of Earth's surface downwards. |
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Term
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Definition
| Massive waves caused by Earthquakes, very destructive |
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Term
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Definition
| The Point where an Earthquake shockwave originates |
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Term
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Definition
| The Point on the surface above the Earth directly above the Focus point. |
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Term
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Definition
| When an upwelling of magma reaches the surface through a central vent in the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| Molten rock stored up in the mantle |
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Term
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Definition
| Stationary chamber of magma that can reach the Earth's surface, plates move on top of it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that states that after a volcano eurupts average temperature drops about two degrees in the next two years. |
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Term
| Positive Effects of Volcanoes |
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Definition
| Makes fertile soil, creates new land, and is nice scenery |
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Term
| Negative Effects of Volcanoes |
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Definition
| Causes damge and destroys things, ejects ash that blocks out the sunlight, cools atmosphere, and creates acid rain. |
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Term
| Water's unique properties |
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Definition
| Hydrogen Bonds, High Boiling Point, High Heat Capacity, Evaporative Cooling, Natural Solvent, Blocks UV radiation, capilary action, and expands when freezes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unusable water supply makes up 97.4% of world's water supply |
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Term
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Definition
| Water useable by humans, 2.6% of total water supply |
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Term
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Definition
| Makes up 1.984% of water supply, not available to humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| 0.592% of water supply, not readily accessible to humans |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes evaporation, transpiration, precipation, infiltration, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process where water heats up and turns from a liquid to a gas |
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Term
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Definition
| When water evaporates from the surface of plants |
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Term
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Definition
| The cooling process of water where it turns from a gas to a liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in which surface water penetrates the surface and becomes ground water |
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Term
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Definition
| When water flows on the Earth's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| The area where surface water drains into a river, lake, wetland, or other body of water |
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Term
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Definition
| Where water drains into a body of water |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of water that is generally sustainable and useable anually |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of an aquifer that is less deep and is a mix of air and water |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of an Aquifer that is all water and is deep. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluctuating boundary between area of saturation and aeration |
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Term
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Definition
| Underground regions of porous rock and sand through which water can flow, there is a slow recharge of this area by penetration |
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Term
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Definition
| Aquifer where the groundwater is in direct contact with the atmosphere through open pores in the rock |
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Term
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Definition
| Aquifer that is typically deeper, and is overlain by inpermeable rock. Restricts movement of water |
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Term
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Definition
| A well in which water is forced to the top by hydrologic pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| A well in which water must be retrieved using manual energy |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which runoff penetrates the ground and sinks into an aquifer, replenishing the supply |
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Term
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Definition
| Where water flows into an aquifer from the side |
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Term
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Definition
| Idea that eventually most groundwater flows into rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. |
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Term
| Non-replenishhable Aquifers |
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Definition
| Aquifers that are found very deep underground, so deep that they will not replenish themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| Drilling Wells to extract groundwater |
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Term
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Definition
| When water is taken from from the ground |
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Term
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Definition
| Heated water returned to the Earth that disrupts aquatic life |
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Term
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Definition
| When withdrawn water is not available for reuse from the basin it was removed from |
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Term
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Definition
| The artificial application of water to farmland |
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Term
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Definition
| Naturally Low expected amount of precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
| Unexpected low precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
| Removing of trees to expose soil, this causes higher evaporation of water |
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Term
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Definition
| Human activity is using too much water |
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Term
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Definition
| Growing freshwater use, and the depletion of fresh water available |
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Term
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Definition
| People who can't afford safe drinking water |
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Term
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Definition
| When governments control the water supply |
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Term
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Definition
| In developing countries this is more common, where individuals or companies control water |
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