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| Theory that monarch is supreme, answers only to God (divine right), and controls every aspect of society. |
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| English Puritans who supported Parliament during the English Civil War (1642-1649)under Cromwell's New Model Army |
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| England's last remaining members of Parliament after Cromwell's "Pride's Purge" (Colenel Pride) 1649. |
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| 1670; Charles II (England) and Louis XIV (France) joined to combat the Dutch. Louis XIV paid Charles II 3 million livres/year for 3 years and Charles had to convert to Catholicism |
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| 1673; Required all English office holders to take communion in the Church of England... prevented Catholics from holding political offices and illustrated the anti-Catholic feeling in England. |
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| English middle-class and merchants; very suspicious of the king, Catholics, and French; opposed Tories |
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| Lesser aristocracy and gentry who supported king Charles; loyalty to church and king; opposed the Whigs |
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| Glorious Revolution (1688) |
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| 1688; A reference to the political events when James II abdicated his throne adn was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange; beginning constitutional monarchy for England |
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| 1689; Allowed Protestant dissenters to practice their religion but excluded them from political life and public service |
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| City in France outside of Paris and the amazing baroque palace that Louis XIV used to over awe and dominate the great nobility of France |
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| "The 30 Tyrants of France." These were government officials who ran the generalities in the name of the king, and a key aspect of Louis XIVs centralized administrative bureaucracy |
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| Edict of Fontainebleau (1685) |
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| 1685; Issued by Louis XIV; aka Revocation of hte Edict of Nantes; allowed persecution of Protestants |
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| Permission to send enslaved Africans to Spain's American colonies |
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| The legal basis negotiated by Charles VI for the Habsburg succession through his daughter Maria Theresa |
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| The amount of labor landowners demanded from peasants under the Habsburg monarchy prior to 1848 |
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| Prussia's landownign nobility that resisted king's power but then were granted right to be army officers |
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| 1689; Joined Parliament and the English Monarchy by establishing sovereignty resided with Parliament |
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| A reference to the period of Cromwellian rule (1649-1659) between the Stuart dynastic rules of Charles I adn Charles II |
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| Series of rebellions against royal authority in France between 1649 -1652; its failure paved the way for Louis XIV |
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| 1600-1649; King of England, Scotland, Ireland from 1625-49 whose power struggles with Parliament resulted in English Civil War and eventual execution |
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| 1630-1685; "The Merry Monarch;" King of England, Scotland, Ireland from 1660-85 whose reign began the Restoration (Stuart); followed Cromwell's interregnum; His pro-Stuart faction in Parliament were called Tories. He was pro-French and was secretly Catholic |
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| Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683) |
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| 1619-1683; The Finance Minister to Louis XIV who used state power (mercantilist policies)to build up the French economy. |
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| Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) |
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| 1599-1658; English general and statesman who led the Parliament army in English Civil War and became a military dictator |
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| 1566-1625; First Stuart king of England and Ireland (1603-1625) and king of Scotland (1567-1625); Son of Mary, Queen of Scots; ignored constitutional principles adn asserted the divine right of kings |
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| 1633-1701; Last Stuart to be king of England, Scotland, Ireland; His attempts to ignore Parliament, his violation of English law, and his openly Catholicity all helped bring on the Glorious Revolution (1689). The final straw was when he baptized his son as Catholic. The Whigs and Tories united to force him out of England. |
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| 1638-1715; aka the Sun King; king of France (1643-1715); longest reign in French history; embodied absolutism |
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| England's new government; republic under Oliver Cromwell |
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| 1701; No Catholic could be king of England |
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| The belief in the rule of law. Parliament stood for this position and opposed the attempt to impose absolute monarchy on England by the Stuart kings. |
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| Radical groups in England in the 1650s who called for the abolition of private ownership adn extension of the franchise |
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| The belief that a monarch's power derives from God adn represents Him on earth |
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| Frederick the Great (1740-1786) |
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| 1740-1786; The Prussian ruler who expanded his territory by invading the duchy of Silesia adn defeating Maria Theresa of Austria |
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| Frederick William (1640-1688) |
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| 1640-1688; The "Great Elector" who built a strong Prussian army and infused military values into Prussian society |
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| The style in 17th century art adn literature resembling the arts in the ancient world and in the Renaissance; the works of Poussin, Moliere, and Racine fall into this category |
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| The legal protection that prohibits the imprisonment of a subject without demonstrated cause |
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| Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) |
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| 1588-1679; Political theorist who advocated absolute monarchy based on his concept of an anarchic state of nature. He believed that human life without government was "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short," because the state of nature was so brutal - governments could do anything as long it protected the subjects lives and property |
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| 1632-1704; Political theorist who wrote "Two Treaties on Civil Government;" He said government was a "social contract" between teh ruler and the people... If the government did not protect the people's "natural rights" they had the "right to rebel." This influenced the Americans in 1776 |
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| Maria Theresa (1740-1780) |
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| 1740-1780; Archduchess of Austria, queen of Hungary, who lost the Hapsburg possession of Silesia to Frederick the Great but was able to keep her other Austrian territories |
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| Governmental policies by which the state regulates the economy (to make it grow) through taxes, tariffs, subsidies, laws. The primary goal is to have a favorable balance by exporting more than you import |
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| The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English Civil War |
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| 1713; The pact concluding the War of Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain and conferring control of Gibraltar on England |
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| Peter the Great (1682-1725) |
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| 1682-1725; The Romanov czar who initiated the westernization of Russian society by travelign to the West adn incorporating techniques of manufaturing as well as manners and dress |
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| 1628; Parliamentary document that restricted the king's power; most notably, it called for recognition of the writ of habeas corpus and held that only Parliament could impose new taxes |
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| A reference to the English Civil War (1642-1646), waged to determine whether sovereignty would reside in the monarch or in Parliament |
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| Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization |
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| The return of the Stuart monarchy in 1660 after the period of republican government under Cromwell |
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| War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713) |
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| 1701-1713; The last of Louis XIVs wars involving the issue of succession to the Spanish throne |
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| William II of Orange(1672-1702) |
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| 1672-1702; Dutch prince and foe of Louis XIV who became king of England in 1689 (Glorious Revolution). His alliances illustrate the balance of power system at work to preserve the European state system. |
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| He followed Cardinal Richelieu and helped make the monarchy strong in France. He was the chief minister for Louis XIV while he was too young to rule. He defeated the forces of "feudal reaction" in the series of uprisings called the Fronde |
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| William III and Mary accepted this as part of the Glorious Revolution (1689); that England was now a constitutional monarchy |
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| The whigs attempted to deny the English throne to James, Duke of York, because he was a Catholic. It failed and a number of the Whig leaders were driven out of England |
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| The historian who explained that the victor in the 17th century political conflict in England was Parliament and the rule of law, or constitutionalism |
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| Edict of Restitution (1629) |
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| 1629; Ferdinand II issued this that declared all lands in the Empire that had been secularized in violation of the "ecclesiastical reservation" of the Peace of Augsburg (1555) must be returned to the Catholic Church. it looked likethe Catholic Counter-Reformation was about to triumph |
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| The radical Puritan Calvinist faction in England during the Civil War. They were also called Independents; they refues to accept any church authority structure. |
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