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| A panel, painted or sculpted, situated above and behind an altar. See also retable. |
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| A covered walkway, outdoors (as in a church cloister) or indoors; especially the passageway around the apse and the choir of a church. In Buddhist architecture, the passageway leading around the stupa in a chaitya hall. |
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| The Byzantine architect who replaced the Hagia Sophia at Constinople. |
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| The court of a Roman house that is partly open to the sky. Also the open, colonnaded court in front of and attached to a Christian basilica. |
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| In ancient Greek architecture, the lowest part of Ionic and Corinthian columns. |
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| In Roman architecture, a civic building for legal and other civic proceedings, rectangular in plan with an entrance usually on a long side. In Christian architecture, a church somewhat resembling the Roman basilica, usually entered from one end and with an apse at the other. |
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| The weaving together of threads of different colors. |
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| An exterior masonry structure that opposes the lateral thrust of an arch or a vault. A pier buttress is a solid mass of masonry; a flying buttress consists typically of an inclined member carried on an arch or a series of arches and a solid buttress to which it transmits lateral thrust. |
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| Muslim rulers, regarded as successors of Muhammad. |
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| The space reserved for the clergy and singers in the church, usually east of the transept but, in some instances, extending into the nave. |
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| A cell made of metal wire or a narrow metal strip soldered edge-up to a metal base to hold enamel or other decorative materials. |
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| A process of enameling employing cloisons; also, decorative brickwork in later Byzantine architecture. |
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| An exterior architectural feature composed of a drum with a shallow cap; a dome. |
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| A decorative coating, usually colored, fused onto the surface of metal, glass, or ceramics. |
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| The four New Testament books that relate the life and teachings of Jesus. |
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| A cross with four arms of equal length and at right angles. |
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| A fixed, stylized method of representation, often determined by religious principles and ideas. |
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| A portrait or image; especially in Byzantine art, a panel with a painting of sacred personages that are objects of veneration. In the visual arts, a painting, a piece of sculpture, or even a building regarded as an object of veneration. |
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| The destruction of images. In Byzantium, the period from 726 to 843 when there was an imperial ban on images. The destroyers of images were known as iconoclasts. Those who opposed such a ban were known as iconophiles or iconodules. |
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| In Byzantine churches, a screen or a partition, with doors and many tiers of icons, separating the sanctuary from the main body of the church. |
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| Decoration (usually in gold, silver, and bright colors), especially of medieval manuscript pages. |
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| Greek architect who, along with Anthemius of Tralles, designed the church of Hagia Sophia in Constanople. |
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| An almond-shapednimbus surrounding the figure of Christ or other sacred figure. |
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| A halo or aureole appearing around the head of a holy figure to signify divinity. |
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| In churches, an altarpiece, or panel placed behind and over the altar. |
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| Christ as ruler and judge of heaven and earth. |
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| The side chapel in a Byzantine church. |
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| A concave, triangular section of a hemisphere, four of which provide the transition from a square area to the circular base of a covering dome. Although pendentives appear to be hanging (pendant) from the dome, they in fact support it. |
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| A book containing the Psalms. |
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| The dining hall of a Christian monastery. |
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| The circular area under a dome; also a domed round building. |
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| (1370 CE - 1430 CE) Considered the greatest medieval Russian painter of his time. Perhaps his most notable work was the old testament Trinity. |
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| An architectural device used as a transition from a square to a polygonal or circular base for a dome. It may be composed of lintels, corbels, or arches. |
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| A weaving technique in which the weft threads are packed densely over the warp threads so that the designs are woven directly into the fabric. |
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| The columnar screen separating the sanctuary from the main body of a Byzantine church. |
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| A three-paneled painting or altarpiece. |
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