Term
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Definition
Paleolithic (old)
Neolithic (new) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gender equality, foragers, nomads, hunter-gathers, stone tools, small population, less food |
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Term
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Definition
| Rise of agriculture, surplus of food--> specialization, unhealthy diet (same food), population increase, gender inequality, permanent settlements, disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Advanced cities, advanced technology (bronze, iron, pyramids), social hierarchies, skilled workers (specialization), cities and administrative centers, complex institutions (government laws), trade, system of writing, political ssystem |
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Term
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Definition
| 8000 BCE-3000 BCE, Neolithic Revolution, implemented farming techniques, domesticated animals, foragers to farmers, impacted gender roles, slash and burn techniques--> migration of farmers-->agriculture, permanent settlements |
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Term
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Definition
| Permanent settlements, specialized workers, advanced technology, record keeping, government/ institutions |
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Term
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Definition
| Earliest civilization between Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
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Term
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Definition
| Bronze, copper, irrigation canals |
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Term
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Definition
| First civilization to settle in southern Mesopotamia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Mesopotamia
religious monuments |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Unpredictable--> irrigation canals, which required the formation of government, caused them to fear their afterlife |
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Term
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Definition
| City-states, patriarchal (men dominated government and the family) |
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Term
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Definition
Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians
*frequent invasions due to lack of the natural barriers* |
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Term
Mesopotamia
king Sargon of Akkad |
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Definition
| first empire, unites Sumerian city states |
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Term
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Definition
| Babylonian king, 282 laws on Stella (Code of Hammurabi- distinction between class and gender in punishments) |
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Term
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Definition
| ~3000 BCE, Nile river valley |
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Term
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Definition
| Predictable, gift brought wheat and barley,used irrrigation canals, looked forward to afterlife |
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Term
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Definition
| held significant power and authority, constructed pyramids to serve as tombs |
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Term
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Definition
| Polytheistic, mummification-->belief in afterlife (un-feared) |
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Term
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Definition
| Patriarchal, defined social classes |
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Term
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Definition
| bronze tools(from Mesopotamia), iron working from kush |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "Kush", 3100 BCE- 350 BCE, land of the bow, Sudan |
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Term
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Definition
| ~2500 BCE, modern Pakistan |
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Term
Indus River Valley
flooding |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, streets in grid, running water, sewage systems in houses-->shows welll organized, centralized, strong government |
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Term
Indus River Valley
writing system |
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Definition
| Undecipherable- why historians dont know much |
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Term
Indus River Valley
systems failure |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Invaded and conquered Indus River Valley (~1500), blending of cultures impacts future Indian civilizations |
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Term
| Order of Chinese Dynasties |
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Definition
| Shang, Zhou, Warring States, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming |
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Term
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Definition
| ~1760's-1120's BCE, most isolated, bronze, walled cities,elaborate palaces and tombs, orcale bones, patriarchal, fell to Zhou |
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Term
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Definition
| Mesoamerican (Mexico) , hot, swampy, big heads, centralized government, chinampas, rubber, ritual ball game, polytheistic |
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Term
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Definition
| Andean South American (Peru), extreme climates, llamas, roads, terrace farming |
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Term
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Definition
| Linear A (undecipherable), Crete (Knossos=Capital)Greece, prosperous culture, sudden catastrophic collapse, palace=frescoes, Mycenaens took over |
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Term
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Definition
| Linear B (decipherable), Peloponnese (mainland Greece), walls, commercial network, shaft graves, bronze statues, Trojan war |
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Term
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Definition
| 2000 BCE-500 BCE, Hebrews (Jews), founders of Judaism, Moses, Davis, Saul, Soloman |
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Term
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Definition
| led the Jews out of Egypt to Israel received 10 commandments on way |
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Term
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Definition
| Captured Jerusalem made religious temple |
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Term
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Definition
| Built first temple (ziggarat) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1200-500 BCE, Lebanon, alphabet, sea fares/ ship builders, purple dye |
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Term
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Definition
| Colony of Phoenicians,Tunisia, control Med Sea, double harbor, fought Rome in Punic Wars |
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Term
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Definition
| 911-612 BCE, 1st true empire, took over Babylonians in Mesopotamia, Ashur=main god and city, Terror tactics (propaganda, iron weapon), Mass deportation (prevents revolts), preserved and added to intellectual and scientific legacy of Mesopotamian civilization, taken over by Persians |
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Term
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Definition
| Large, enduring influence over a large number of people |
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Term
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Definition
| 1029 BCE- 258 BCE, used mandate of heaven to claim authority, end=warring states |
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Term
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Definition
| 221 BCE- 202 BCE, 1st to unify, Shi Huangdi (legalism), expanded territory south (northern vietnam), Great Wall, standardized weights measures money written language, new roads, terra cotta warriors |
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Term
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Definition
| 200 BCE- 220 CE, bureaucracy strengthened, expanded territory south and west (central Asia, Korea, Indochina), civil service exams based on Confucian values, trade increased (silk road), peace |
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Term
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Definition
| iron production, canals, irrigation systems, ox-drawn plows, horse collar, paper, water-power mills, crossbow |
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Term
| Responses to the Warring States in China |
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Definition
| Schools of thoughts/ philosophies, Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism |
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Term
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Definition
| Civil service exam, education, filial piety (respect elders), avoiding violence, remaining loyal, FAMILY, Han, order in family=order in state |
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Term
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Definition
| Laozi= founder, Harmony with nature, tough acceptance and individual retreat from society, follow the way (Dao=path), peace, focus on individual |
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Term
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Definition
| LiSi=founder, Shi Huangdi, state before individual, burned books, extreme punishments, strict laws, harsh, humans are evil and need strict government |
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Term
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Definition
| ~1500 BCE, invaded Indus River Valley, Vedas=oral stories, Vedic Age |
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Term
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Definition
| Basis for Hindu religion, collection of religious poems based on the Vedas |
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Term
Aryan India
social structure |
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Definition
| Distinctive class system with Aryans o top, largely based on ethnicity and complexion of skin, during Epic Age became very rigid caste system |
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Term
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Definition
| Polytheistic beliefs gradually blended with indigenous beliefs to form Hinuism |
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Term
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Definition
| 322 BCE- 230 BCE, Chandragupta=founder, large army, united almost all of indian subcontinent (elephants), large bureaucracy established, Ashoka=ruthless conquering of India, later converted to Buddhism and helped spread Buddhism along the roads of India |
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Term
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Definition
| ruthless conquering of India, later converted to Buddhism and helped spread Buddhism along the roads of India |
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Term
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Definition
| 320 CE-550 CE, Hindu rulers, reinforcement of Hindu values but Buddhism was tolerates, GOLDEN AGE, Sanskrit became language of educated |
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Term
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Definition
| solidification of hindu values and traditions, construction of Hindu temples; Buddhism spread through urban monasteries |
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Term
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Definition
| women gradually lost status and privileges, marries at younger age, sati (widow suicide by burning= Hindu practice) |
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Term
Gupta Dynasty
Technology/ discoveries |
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Definition
| zero as placeholder, Arabic numerals, decimal system, knowledge of astronomy surgical procedures and the prevention of illnesses |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in volume of trade, especially with the East |
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Term
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Definition
| Iran, 550 BCE, largest empire at the time, rivalries between them and the Greeks led to wars, empire was divided into satraps (provinces) |
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Term
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Definition
| first conqueror, expanded territory to include most of Southwest Asia, tolerant, respected local traditions |
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Term
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Definition
| Zoroastrianism, dualism; struggle between good and evil |
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Term
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Definition
| iron-working which spread throughout the empire |
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Term
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Definition
| extensive road system (persian royal road) to link all parts of the empire |
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Term
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Definition
| with west (Phoenicians and Greeks) and east (India, China, Southeast Asia) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 800 BCE, adopted alphabet from Phoenicians |
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Term
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Definition
| mountains and islands prevent complete unification |
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