Term
| The transformation that was most responsible for moving humans toward civilzation was the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sedentary agriculture started in the ____first but devolped independently in other areas. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are cuneiform and other types of writing important? |
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Definition
| because they help organize poltical structure |
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Term
| Choose the one that is NOT a feature of sumerian civilization: a simplified alpahbet of 22 letters, ziggurats, cuneiform, city states, numberic system based on 10, 60, and 360. |
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Definition
| a simplified alpahbet of 22 letters |
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Term
| How did Egypt differ from Sumer and the Indus Valley? |
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Definition
| they retained a unified state through most of its history |
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Term
| Was the harrapan language easy or hard to understand? |
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Definition
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Term
| What helped form unity and cultural idenity in China? |
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Definition
| a common system of writing |
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Term
| Homo sapien sapiens occured in which age? |
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Definition
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Term
| In China who had a higher social ranking: merchants or peasants? |
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Definition
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Term
| The highest Hindu caste members are the? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was a central message of the Bhagavad Gita? |
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Definition
| one must carry out the duties that come with one's caste |
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Term
| The _______community was the main reason why Buddhism spread. |
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Definition
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Term
| Alexander the Great's invasion of India led to______. |
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Definition
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Term
| In Mesopotamia, the cuneiform culture of the Mesopotamians assimilated invaders and provided coninuity. The same role in India was performed by _____. |
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Definition
| the hindu social hierarchy |
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Term
| Mediterranean agriculture nder the Greeks and Romans was heavily reliant on ____and the ____. |
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Definition
| imported grains and exported cash crops |
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Term
| The two American centers of civilization included Central Mexico and the______. |
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Definition
| Andean river calleys and plateaus of Ecuador and Peru |
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Term
| _____is an extremely developed form of animistic nature worship. |
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Definition
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Term
| At the end of the classical age there was a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| As the Han Empire collapsed, _____and_____ dominated the successor governments. |
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Definition
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Term
| The fall of the Roman Empire led to the division of the empire into three zones. What were the three zones? |
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Definition
| Byzantine, north africa, western europe |
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Term
| Much of the arabain peninsula is desert, which supported both goat and camel nomadism among people called_____. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Community of the faithful? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| _____led to the sunni shia split. |
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Definition
| the question of succession |
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Term
| In pre islamic times, the status of Mecca was enhanced by the____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The prophet Muhammad had knowledge of life beyond Mecca because he was ____. |
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Definition
| a merchant and well traveled |
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Term
| One of the strengths of Islam which made it a successful universalizing religion similiar to Chrisitianity was its_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The pillar of Islam which helped create the first global civilization was_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Slaves were valued in the Abassid Empire for their_____,_____,and____. |
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Definition
| beauty intelligence and strength |
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Term
| During the Abassid caliphate, the language associated with administration and scholarship was_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____helped spread islam. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was not attracted to islam? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What was the result of Hindu contact with Muslims? |
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Definition
| the absorption by the Muslims of many Hindu practices |
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Term
| AFrica's common linguistic base was_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Many africans lived in_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| STatless soceities were organized around____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Mali's greatest ruler? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the world for malian oral historians? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who founded Mali's empire? |
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Definition
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Term
| ______became a great trading and learning center, though most people in Mali relied on subsistence farming to survive. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did the first black african states and civilizations develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of people first converted to Islam in west Africa? |
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Definition
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Term
| Islam was spread through west and east africa as well as southeast asia by____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Islam improved women's rights in what region? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____helped build the Hagia Sophia. |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1054 longstanding disagreements came to a head and the church split into two traditions. What were they? |
|
Definition
| western-roman catholic; eastern orthodox |
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Term
| _____became the basic law code for the state and influenced future law codes. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first state in _____arose when scandanavian traders set up government along their trade route. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____created an oprressive system of political and economic organization between landolords and peasants, many of whom were serfs. |
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Definition
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Term
| The_____and____gradually improved agriculture in western europe. |
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Definition
| moldboard and three field system |
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Term
| Clovis' conversion to Chrisitianity helped him gain power over the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The key military and political system in the Middle Ages was _____, a system in which greater lords provided protection and aid to lesser lords called_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____introduced feudal monarchy to England following his invasion in 1066. |
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Definition
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Term
| Though the crusades ended in defeat, what was one benefit that resulted from it? |
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Definition
| they opened europes eyes to new possiblities, particularly trade |
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Term
| The period known as the Middle Ages in Europe began with the_____and eneded with the_____. |
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Definition
| fall of rome; decline of Europe's feudal and religous institutions |
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Term
| How did Serfs differ from slaves? |
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Definition
| serfs could not be bought/sold and they owned some of the land they farmed |
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Term
| AFter the collapse of Charlemagne's empire, the pattern of political life in western Europe consisted of _____with _____. |
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Definition
| regional monarchies with strong aristocracies |
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Term
| The Hanseatic league is an example of ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Incas adopted the practice of_____, which required new land and wealth. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What was the language of the Incans? |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____was mandatory labor on church and state lands. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____was a system of knotted strings for recording numerical information. |
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Definition
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Term
| The aztecs did not rise to power through____/ |
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Definition
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Term
| HOw did the aztecs supply food to the tenochitlan? |
|
Definition
| they built floating agricultural islands on the lake |
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Term
| Because of their level of technological development, Aztec work and production relied heavily on_____/ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Was the Aztec highly populated around 1500 CE or not? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was the Inca state so expanisve? |
|
Definition
| each new Inca Ruler had to secure new land and wealth for himself |
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Term
| The long factional struggle that followed the fall of the Han Dynasty ended when _____ unified China under the Sui Dynasty. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Who was in control of the Tang Dynasty? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ____founded the Tang Dynasty. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____won widespread conversions because it seemed to provide a refuge from an age of turmoil and war. |
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Definition
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Term
| Members of the elite class were more attracted to the ____variant of Buddhism. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____and the ____believed that cultivating personal morality was the highest goal for humans agruing that virtue could be attained through book learning and personal observation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Yangdi's ______linked the original centers of Chinese civilization on the north china plain with the zangtze river basin mmore than 500 miles south. |
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Definition
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Term
| The era of Tang and Song rule in China was known as ____. |
|
Definition
| the golden age of chinese culture and accomplishments |
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Term
| How did the Tang rulers control potential nomadic threats to China? |
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Definition
| by playing one nomadic group against another |
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|
Term
| To administer China, The Tang and Song dynasties relied on______. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the major demographic change in China between 500 and 1000 CE? |
|
Definition
| the large population increase in the south around Yangtze |
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|
Term
| The technological advance that facilitated Chinese overseas trade was _____. |
|
Definition
| the introduction of gunpowder |
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|
Term
| What had a huge impact on the warfare in China? |
|
Definition
| the invention of gunpowder |
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|
Term
| What was the reason for the high literacy rate in China? |
|
Definition
| the invention of moveable type printing and cheap paper |
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Term
| The _____restructured the Japanese government following the Chinese model. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____was one of the most powerful, but typical in their cooperation with Buddhist monasteries to reduce the power of the emperors. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does bushi mean? What country? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| The shoguns also lost power in the late 15th century replaced by 300____kingdoms. |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the only indigenous aspect of Japanese culture during the Heian era? |
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Definition
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Term
| The group which most directly challenged Chinese influences in Japan and Vietnam during the postclassical era was_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| After their independence from China, the_____conquered the highlands and coasts between the Mekong River and South China Sea. |
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Definition
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Term
| Local Vietnamese officials identified most with the interests of_____and _____. |
|
Definition
| the peasants and local village culture |
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Term
| Georgraphy, environament, and movement in Vietnam divided the nation into twoo cultural divisions: one in the south along the ____river and the other in the north along the____river. |
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Definition
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Term
| In Japan, Korea, and Vietname, the class that most welcomed Chinese influence and culture was ____. |
|
Definition
| the court bureacrats (scholar-gentry) |
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Term
| The khanate of the_____was in russia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Kublai's wife____ had a lot of influence on his part in government. |
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Definition
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Term
| Although the Mongols were often Brutal, they were tolerant of _____and_____. |
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Definition
| religious differences and encouraged trade |
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|
Term
| Mongol policies in Europe led to the____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Russia's defeat by the Mongols led to____. |
|
Definition
| 250 years of Mongol dominance |
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Term
| The Mongol assault on the Middle East led to the capture and devastation of_____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Kublain Khan's major concern in governing China was to avoid _____being assimilated by chinese culture and practices. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| By the mid 15th century, the ____had taken Constantinople. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The new_____emerged in 1368, pushing out the mongols. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| MIng emperors began a series of trading voyages to India in 1405, led by admiral____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Famine and the_____deeply changed European culture and soceity. One third of the population had died in ___years. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The______was a cultural and political movement that looked to the antique past and began to take shape in the 14th century. The individual was central to this period. |
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Definition
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Term
| The medieval state, which originated in the Classical Era, and whose fall in 1453 marked the end of the postclassical era was_____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _____won out over rationalism and began a new era. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did the Min Chinese naval expeditions of the early 15th century end? |
|
Definition
| because they challenged Confucian values and typical expenditures |
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|
Term
| The major barrier to west European expansion prior to the 15th century was because of _____. |
|
Definition
| the lack of european technology |
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|
Term
| The first western European nation to establish the overseas empire in the 15th century was_____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why were the first European colonial estates set up? |
|
Definition
| to produce cash crops like sugar to supply European markets |
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|
Term
| Which explorer traveled around the cape of good hope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______dictated that colonizers had the monopoly on exports to their colonies, which in turn furished raw goods at low prices. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Colonization of the American mainland began in _____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____was one of many adventuress who gained their own empires. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The______was the culmination of British-French overseas competition, and the growing European reliance on imports changed tastes at home. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What was the main reason European conquerors and navigators were able to sail and continue to explore unlike the Ming? |
|
Definition
| the European government allowed it; the ming government did not |
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|
Term
| Who controlled the slave trade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the most important basic commodity traded in the early modern period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Renaissance was largely influenced and financed by_____and____. |
|
Definition
| the urban environment and the commercial economy |
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|
Term
| What was the cause of the massive inflation in the 16th century Europe? |
|
Definition
| extensive importation of gold and silver from overseas colonies |
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|
Term
| The growing commercialization of Western Europe's economy most negatively impacted the ____,_____,_____. |
|
Definition
| peasants, serfs, and working poor |
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|
Term
| The Scientific Revolution in Western europe 17th century was heavily influenced by_____> |
|
Definition
| Greek rational philosophies and classical scientists such as aristotle |
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|
Term
| _____promotes teh wealth of a national economy at the expense of free trade. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Enlightenment philosophies were founded on the rational approach of the_____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The nobility in Russia was known as the ____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did Russia not experience either the Renaissance or reformation? |
|
Definition
| because they were isolated because of the mongols |
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|
Term
| The only group to support the tsars attempts to modernize russia and increase the power of the central government was_____. |
|
Definition
| the urban artisans and merchants |
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|
Term
| Peter the great used_____to avoid reliance on nobility. |
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Definition
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Term
| Peter the Great built_____as the new capital. |
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Definition
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Term
| Catherine the great allied with____and gave them absolute control over the peasants. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| AS russia expanded what spread? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In contrast to American slaves, Russian serfs were used only for a _____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Economically, early modern Russia was largely_____and depended upon____. |
|
Definition
| agricultural; western trade |
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|
Term
| What was the greatest source of social unrest in early modern Russia? |
|
Definition
| the lack of real reform and especially rights for serfs |
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|
Term
| _____were grants of Indian workers that were given to settlers. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Hispaniola, puerto rico, and cuba were settled by_____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Spanish New Spain took the place of _____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The mita system was _____> |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Rural estates were known as_____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The _____divided Spain and Portugals conquest. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ____became the colony of Brazil's capital. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| people born in the colonies? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An instistution that had died out during Medieval Europe but survived in Iberia and was exported to the new world by Spain and portugal was_____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The dislocation of native plants and animals by European crops and domesticated animals and the devastation of natives by European diseases is referred to as_____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Before 1900, the most profitable economic activity for Spain in its colonies was____. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When the sugar market ended in Brazil what was the new good taking flight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Under the doctrine of mercantilism, Spain and Portugal encouraged their own Latin American colonies to buy manufactured goods only from____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were teh two mediterraneran powers fighting in the Punic wars? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the principle of ahimsa was a prominent feature of_____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the neolithic revolution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the neolithic revolution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the early river valley civilization/ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When was the classcial civilization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the capital of the umayyad dynasty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Was the caliph period after or before Muhammad's death? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was the Ilkan Empire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was the great khan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was the djagatai khan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the four khanates? |
|
Definition
| golden horde, ilkah, great khan, djagatai |
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