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| "New Stone Age" the last division of the stone age, immediately preceding the development of metallurgy and corresponding to the ninth-fifth millennia BC |
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| First known agricultural villages about 10,000 years ago between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. |
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| Innovation re: primary urbanization |
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| The explanation that similar cultural traits, techniques or objects were invented independantly |
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| The spread of ideas, objects or traits from one culture to another. |
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| 2350 BCE King of the city of Akkad. First ruler to unite the waring city states of Sumer |
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| 3300 BCE-2350 BCE producers of the world's first urban revolution in Mesopotamia |
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| A temple, tower of ancient Mesopotamia, constructed by square or rectangular terraces of diminishing sizes, usually with a shrine on top. Built of blue enamel bricks - the color of the sky |
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| A pictorial symbol or sign representing an object or concept |
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| A writing system in use in the ancient Near East from around the fourth millennium ( Sumer for example used this language) |
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| Gilgamesh recounts the deeds of a larger than life hero |
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| conquered Mesopotamia in 1750 BCE and released a code of laws |
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| The growth of a population in a city or a suburb |
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| The city state of Ancient Greece |
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| The characters of writing using the system based on pictograms or ideograms. Egyptian hieroglphys were largely used for monumental inscriptions |
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| 196 BCE The inscription is translated in three different forms - hieroglyphs, a later egyptian form called "demonic" and Greek |
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| 1352-1336 BCE - An Egyptian king/Pharaoh, very religious, called "he who serves Aten" the lord of the sun. He changed his name from Amenhotep to Akhetatan |
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| Akhetatan's royal wife the queen |
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| (2300 - 1750 BCE) A dancing figure that shows three dimensional movement. ARts shown in the later periods, possibly Mesopotamian and Egyptian |
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| (c. 2300 BCE and later) A massive, mud filled embankment that rises 43 feet above the lower city, was discovered by archeologist Daya Ram Sahni. corresponds with Harappa |
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| The first dynasty that held many great kings of China (2205 - 1766 BCE) |
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| Centered where the Huang He enters its flood plain. Powerful and highly organized (1766 - 1122 BCE) |
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| Iron, money and written law is used under the Zhou Dynasty (1100 - 256 BCE) |
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| Otherwise known as the Yellow River. The Shang Dynasty centered on the Yellow River |
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| Inscribed bones used to tell the future |
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| A theory in Ancient China that says that those who are in power were given this right by a divine source. |
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| (c.200 - 750 AD) The ruins of an ancient Meso American city in central Mexico near Mexico city. Pyramid of the sun |
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| Raised fields or hanging gardens - MesoAmerican |
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| (c. 1000 - 400 BCE) MesoAmerican civilization along the southern gulf of Mexico |
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| A group of languages spoken by Mayas in Southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize |
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| A mayan creation narrative (c. 1701) |
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| Early Mayan King of Mutal (known as Tikal now) |
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| The worlds longest mountain range, along the western coast of South America |
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| A civilization developed in the North Andean highland of peru (900 - 200 BCE) |
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An ancient civilization located in North Western South America (1438-1527AD)
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| Exchange of labor but also the exchange of the objects of religious veneration of the people whom they took into their empire |
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| Recording devise used in the Inca civilization and its predecessor societies in the Andean region |
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| Mound State Historic site which is near the area of an ancient indigenous city (c 600-1400 AD) in Illinois |
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| Stone-walled enclosures or buildings built during the African Iron Age in the region of modern Zimbabwe and Mozambique. They were the courts of local rulers for trade farming and gold production |
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| Appeared in NIgeria around 1000 BC and vanished in 500 AD |
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| Original site of Mali, considered the oldest urbanized, centered in sub-saharan Africa |
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| (2300-2200 BCE) An empire centered in the city of Akkad (China) |
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| Leadership or dominance of one unit over the others in a group. It can also apply to the rule of an empire over its subject peoples |
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| The imposition of alien government through force (as opposed to hegemony) |
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| (reigned 1292-1225 BC) known as Ramses the great was an Egyptian pharaoh. |
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| In international relations, a policy that aims to secure peace by preventing any one state or alignment of states from becoming too dominant. Alliances are formed in order to build up a force equal or superior to that of the potential enemy |
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| A sovereign state consisting of an independent city and its surrounding territory. |
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| Founder of the Persian Empire under Archaemenid Dynasty (559-530 BCE) |
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| A provincial governor in the ancient Persian Empire |
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| (550 - 486 BC) King of Persia from 521 to 486 BC, known as Darius the great |
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| A religion and philosophy based on the teachings of prophet zoraster. |
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| (3000-1100 BCE) Pertaining to an ancient civilization of the island of Crete in Greece |
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| Intentionally small, locally organized government based on a single central city with enough surrounding land to support its agricultural needs |
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| (9th century BCE) Greek epic poet. Author of the Iliad and the Odyessy |
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| An open "place of assembly" in ancient Greek civilization. social and political meeting place |
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| Greek, Athenai, a city and the capital of Greece Founded between 11th and 7th millennium BCE |
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| Intentionally small, locally organized government based on a single central city with enough surrounding land to support its agricultural needs. |
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| (638 - 558 BCE) Athenian statesman, lawmaker and poet |
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| A subdivision of Attican, the region of Greece surrounding Athens with simple subdivision |
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| (499 - 449 BCE) A series of conflicts with achaemenid Empire of Persia and city states of the Hellenic world. |
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| A heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece, was made to fight in close formation in ranks of 8. |
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| Founded in 478 BCE. Association of 173 Greek city-states under the leadership of Athens formed to fight the Persian empire. |
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| A class of ancient Greek teachers of rhetoric, philosophy and the art of successful living. |
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| (469 - 399 BCE) One of the founders of Western Philosophy. |
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| (428 - 347 BCE) A classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues and founder of academy in Athens. |
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| (384 - 322 BCE) A Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Writings covered physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic and much more. |
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| (431-401 BCE) fought by ancient Greek Athens and the Peloponnesian League led by sparta |
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| A German term meaning practical politics, policy determined by expediency rather than by ethical or ideological consideration. |
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| (356-323 BCD) King of Macedonia, member the the Argead Dynasty, created one of the largest empires in ancient history. |
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| Unified urban culture encompassing vast lands and divers peoples |
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| The "Roman peace" that is the state of comparative peace prevailing within the boundaries of the Roman Empire |
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| A state that is not ruled by a hereditary leader, but by a person appointed under the constitution. |
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| Citizens of ancient Rome who were not a member of the privileged patrician class. |
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| The original aristocratic families of Ancient Rome. |
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| The Roman emperor from 14AD to 37AD |
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| A metaphor for the way the ruling classes of Rome ruled over the lower classes. |
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| An unofficial coalition between Julius Caesar, Pompey and Crassus and was formed in 60 BCE |
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| A Roman general and statesman who transformed the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire. |
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| (63 BC - 14 AD) The first emperor of the Roman Empire |
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| Stoicism was one of the new philosophical movements of the Hellenistic period. Saw the world as rational or well ordered and coherent. |
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| A religion in Eastern Asia with |
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| s a collection of terracota sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the First Emperor of China. 210 BC |
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| aditionally September 28, 551 BC – 479 BC)[2][3] was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher. Founder of Confucianism |
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| A collection of poems and short stories that showed the guidelines of confucianism. |
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| A religion created in Eastern Asia |
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| The seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty of China (141 BC - 87BC) |
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| The first Chinese female historian responsible for writing the lessons for women |
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| Served as the prefect of the Grand Scribes of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty |
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| The linguistic assimilation of terms and concepts of the language and culture of China |
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| A dynasty which unified China in the 6th century |
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| Han lin Yuan and Tang Dynasty |
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| Preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the five dynasties and ten kingdoms periods |
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| King of the Chinese state of Qin (246 - 221BC) |
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| The first ruling dynasty of imperial China (221-206BC) |
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| A chinese poet ( 701-762BC) |
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| Two Vietnamese women leaders who rebelled against the Han Dynasty for 3 years. |
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| One of the longest sustained dynasties in Asian History |
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| A letter signed by Constantine that protected professing Christianity in the Roman Empire |
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| A group of tribal societies in Iron-Roman era of Europe |
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| A sovereign state that consists of a city and its surrounding environs. |
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| An array of Germanic people distinguished in part by their use of Germanic language |
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| warrior nomads who inhabited the flat grasslands from European Russia to Manchuria |
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| Ruler of the Huns from 434-453 |
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| Roman Emperor from 527-565. He conquered the western half of the Roman Empire |
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| the capital of the Roman Empire, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest Cities. |
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| Talks about two times in history of the Byzantine Empire. The controversy of idolizing things. |
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| Roman empire, capital was constantinople, spoke Greek. (Western Roman empire) |
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| A branch of Indo European group of languages |
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| Large body of texts originating in ancient India |
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| One of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India |
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| A sacred Hindu scripture considered among the most important texts in the history of literature |
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| Indian Emperor of the Maurya Dynasty (269-232 BC) |
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| Founder of the Maurya Empire (34-320 BCE) |
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| The teachings of the Buddha which lead to enlightenment and the constituent factors of the experienced world |
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| (320 - 550CE) The dynasty was the model of a classic civilization. Founded by Maharaja Sri-Gupta |
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| A Hindu temple complex at Angkor Cambodia built for King Suryararman II |
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| An ancient Indian sacred collection of hymns |
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| Describes the system of social rank in which social classes are defined by thousands of hereditary groups. |
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| The Hindu god of Creation (deva) |
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| The teachings of Buddha which lead to enlightenment. |
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| The unchanging, eternal, transcendent reality which is the divine ground of all things and everything beyond the universe |
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| Philosophical texts of the Hindu religion |
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| A A spiritual teacher who founded Buddhism |
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| 1. Life means suffering 2. the origins of suffering is greed 3. there's and end to suffering 4. This path will lead to the end of suffering |
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| An ancient religion of India that prescribes a path of non-violence toward all living things |
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| A trade route across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia to the Mediterranean world and North/Northeast AFrica and Europe |
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| Indigenous spirituality of Japan and the Japanese people |
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| A sound, syllable, word or group of words that are considered capable of "creating transformation" |
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| "Meditation" teaches the enlightenment is achieved through the profound realization that one is already and enlightened being |
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| Judaism Holy book containing the five books of Moses |
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| the founding Patriarch of the Israelites according to the book of Genesis |
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| A religious leader, law giver and a prophet to whom the authorship of the Torah is given |
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| A list of religious and moral imperatives that according to the Hebrew Bible, God gave to the people of Israel. |
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| The movement of a group of people such as those sharing a national or ethnic identity |
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| (5BCE - 30AD) Christian viewed him as the Messiah and foretold in the old Testament and as the son of God |
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| Roman Catholic's believe to be rites in which God is uniquely active |
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| Considered to be a reenactment of the last super. Communion. |
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| Was a Jew who referred to himelf as the "Apostle of the Gentiles" |
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| December 25, to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ |
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| Was bishop of Hippo Regius. Latin-speaking theologian in the Roman-African Province |
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| Claims to be one Holy Catholic and Apostolic church established by Jesus Christ |
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| A Christian Saint honored by Roman Catholic church as a patron saint of Europe and students. |
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