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| American who brought thousands of Americans to Texas |
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| General in Mexican American War. Wore straw hat and brown coat to battle, later president. |
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| Democrat President after 1844. Expansionist. |
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| American belief that made people hate immigrants. |
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| Potato famine in Ireland that caused lots of immigrants to come over. |
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| Battle where thousands of Mexican troops attacked and killed all of the few hundred American's at the Alamo mission. |
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| Trail from the East to California and Oregon. |
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| Belief that America has a divine right to westward expansion. |
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| Made by Senator Wilmot, said that slavery could not be in any colony from Mexican American War or any colonies after that. |
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| Gold found at Sutter's mill, thousands flocked to California in 1849 to get rich. Made San Francisco a big city. |
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| Spanish outposts in territories led by catholics. Made to establish territory. |
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| Anti Catholic riots in Philadelphia that erupted against Irish Immigrants. |
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| Same as popular sovereignty, the states could choose slavery or not. |
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| Between US and Canada, solved border disputes in the North. |
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| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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| Ended Mexican American War, US got tons of land. |
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| Democrat pro-slavery. Fought with Lincoln in several debates in a Senatorial race. Ended Whig Party with Nebraska Territory plan of no restrictions on slavery. |
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| Abolitionist who sponsored both Harper's Ferry and the Kansas Massacre. Later executed. |
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| Republican senator from Mass that delivered a wrathful speech the day before attack on Lawrence. |
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| Awful act which was militant in bringing slaves back to the south, angered many northerners. Re-newed in the compromise of 1850. |
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| Henry Clay's Omnibus Bill |
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| The Compromise of 1850. 1. California=free soil 2. New Mexico and Utah formed=no restrictions on slavery 3. New Mexico gets more land than Texas. 4. Texas's debt settled. 5. Slavery in DC but no trade 6. Fugitive slave law stronger. |
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| Bill written by Douglas. Organized Nebraska as a settlement, made more Railroad land. Divide territory in two so Nebraska would be free soil but Kansas Slavery, voided Missouri Compromise. |
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| Buchanan backed constitution in Kansas which favored slave holders. |
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| Led the Antislavery division of the whigs. From New York. |
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| Passed to stop the Fugitive Slave Act |
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| From a Freeport Illinois debate between Douglas and Lincoln. Destroyed popular sovereignty. |
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| Compromise to preserve union where slave owners would be paid for runaways, restore the Missouri Compromise, stop the gov from interfering with slavery, and repeal of personal liberty laws, failed. |
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| Southern ambassadors met in Belgium and issued this exposition to acquire Cuba by any means necessary for a slave state, hated by North. |
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| Purchase of land south of Gila River, now Arizona and New Mexico. Made for more railroad land. Free soilers hated it as it seemed to be pro-slavery. |
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| Party that was for free soil, but not for moral grounds. Slaves stole white jobs. Rose and fell quickly. Hated immigrants. |
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| Union General who fought the war in the west and later became the leader of the entire Union Army. Stout, stubborn, and a failed business man who didn't care how he looked and smoked cigars. |
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| Confederate General who led the Virginia Army and later the entire Confederacy. Genius, very very polite, fought in Mexican American War. |
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| Union General who led Sherman's March. Ravaged the south starting from New Orleans up. Ended the war. Used total war tactics burning Atlanta. |
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| States that held slaves but did not secede from the Union. |
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| Norths plan to destroy the South by taking the Mississippi and a blockade of the sea. Required "squeezing the South to death" like an Anaconda by stopping supplies. |
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| Battle between McClellan and Lee. Union victory, allowed Lincoln to announce the Emancipation Proclamation. |
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| Southern idea that Europe would rally around the south because they supplied the Cotton, proved to be false. |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| Lincoln issued this to free the slaves, later became the 13th amendment. |
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| Gave federal funds and reserved frontier land for schools. |
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| Federal Currency that Lincoln issued. Didn't have much value, but much better than the southern currency. |
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| Lincoln captured two southern diplomats heading for Europe to get support. Britain forced Lincoln to free them for threat of British War. |
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| McClellan's plan to defeat the South. Way to get into Richmond by going around the Peninsula and stationing troops at the Chesapeake. Attack Richmond from rear where they weren't expecting it. |
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| New York City Draft Riots |
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| Riots over the draft in the Union. People believed that the draft targeted poor people because they couldn't pay the 300 dollar fee to get out. Mainly led by Irish and Blacks. |
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| Original Union main general who Lincoln didn't like and was later removed for not producing the right results. |
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| Worse piece of crap ever. Lincoln stopped the pet banks taking away even more states power and established a national bank. Allowed for Federal Currency. Blah |
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| Northern Organization for the enfranchisement of blacks. Helped in voting rights and other land helps. |
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| 5 year depression, massive bank went out of business and several other businesses followed. |
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| Radical Republican Leader, wanted land for slaves and disenfranchisement of ex-Confederates. |
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| Southern Terrorist group that sought to re-establish white supremacy. |
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| Much stricter reconstruction bill that Lincoln pocket vetoed. |
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| Antebellum Southern laws that suppressed black people's rights. |
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| Made freedmen citizens and gave them the same rights as whites and authorized federal intervention. |
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| Reconstruction Act of 1867 |
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| Made by Congress; got read of state plans (except Tennessee), established 5 Military districts. |
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| Prohibited President from removing officers without Senatorial consent, used to Protect Edwin Stanton. |
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| Lincoln's vice president, President when he died. Fought with Congress by supporting looser reconstruction policies, and alienating the Republicans and the few Democrats. Formed failed Unionist party. |
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| Allowed poor farmers to live on land of plantations in exchange for half of the crop produced. Because of crop liens, the sharecroppers became virtual slaves. |
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| Gave Republicans presidency and restored Democrats to power, officially ended Reconstruction. |
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| Scalawags and Carpetbaggers |
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| Scalawags were Southerners who became Republicans and moved North. Carpetbaggers were Republicans who moved South looking for cheap land. |
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| Republicans like Thaddeus Stevens who advocated strict Confederate punishments and a harsh reconstruction policy. |
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| Laws to stop the Klan. 1. Protected Freedmen voters 2. Federal supervision of elections 3. Authorized use of federal troops and suspension of habeas corpus. |
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| Conservationist who explored California and was first President of Sierra Club |
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| Conservationist who explored the west and started the first national park, Yellow Stone. |
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| Indian boarding school to assimilate kids into our culture, largely failed, but was copied over and over by different schools. |
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| Designated to make Indians Citizens. Divided up reservations to give Indians as farms, and then sold the extra land to buy them equipment, in 25 years, they could be citizens. |
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| Dance Indians started to do which they believed would restore the old ways and eradicate the white men. |
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| The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 |
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| Gave the Union Pacific rewards for every mile of track laid. Resulted in the Transcontinental Railroad, and very rich rail companies. |
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| Act to encourage settlement of the west, gave free 160 acres to those that would farm it for 5 years. Largely raped by speculators who used it to gain tons of land. |
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| Started by a man named Comstock who found silver in the Mountains, resulted in massive influx of miners known as the Lode. |
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| Frederick Jackson Turner "Frontier Thesis" |
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| Speech given in the 1890's saying that there was no more frontier in America. It wasn't really true and racist towards Indians by ignoring them, but was still a big period in history. |
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| Massacre where soldiers killed hundreds of helpless Indians who wouldn't give up their weapons to the soldiers on a reservation. |
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| Made to ban monopolistic activity. Five Member ICC watched over railroad travel between states |
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| Buffalo Bill. Cowboy who staged Wild West shows. |
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| People that arrived in Oklahoma to plow land before it was legal and the reservation was gone. |
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| Opposed Indian violence and broken treaties, favored assimilation and boarding schools. Wrote A Century of Dishonor |
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| Small segregated urban areas where Mexican-American Workers had to live when the Ranch economy failed. |
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| Scottish Immigrant who made a living working for railroads and then eventually built his own massive steel empire. |
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| Inventor, had factory in Menlo Park New Jersey. Invented lots of stuff, stole lots of stuff. |
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| Court Case with socialist rioter. Rioter lost case |
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| AFL Leader, focused on practical goals. Union succeeded. |
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| Act to stop massive companies like Standard Oil. Quickly loopholes were found, and it wasn't enforced until the progressive era. |
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| Massive vertical and horizontally integrated oil company run by Rockefeller. |
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| Case about Knights of Labor where Stephen's lost power to Powderly. |
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| Virtually everyone disliked the Chinese immigrants, so and act was passed to keep them from getting in to America. |
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| Knights of Labor bombed Haymarket square. |
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| Workers contracts promising that they wouldn't strike or join a Union. |
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| Henry George, Progress and Poverty |
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| Socialist book that big taxes were needed to help the poor. |
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| Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward |
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| Communist book about centralized everything. |
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| Started by William Sylvis. First bigger Union. Failed when Sylvis died in 1869. |
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| Founded after Sylvis's death by Uriah Stephens. Became bigger when Powderly took control. Unauthorized strikes killed the union. |
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| Started by Samuel Gomper, Reached out to skilled laborers and non alike. |
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| New Immigrants and Old Immigrants |
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| Old Immigrants were Europeans like Germans, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, etc. Came 1860-1890. The new immigrants of the 1890's were from Asia Western Europe and the Mediterranean. |
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| Ellis Island, Castle Garden |
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| Ports for immigrants. EI in New York. CG in San Francisco. |
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| From Victorian England, Middle Class success came from Virtue, poorer classes dumb and bad. |
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| Home is the woman's sphere, Woman's duty to children and homemaking. |
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| Created the first settlement house. Younger generation of social reformer, won the Nobel Peace Prize. |
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| Religious group established to aid the poor. Gave food and shelter, plus assistance to employment. |
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| Believed it was the responsibility of middle class people to take care of the poor. |
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| Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lived |
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| Middle Class reformer who thought that the poor classes problems came from their lack of self control. |
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| Democratic Political machine in New York City. |
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| German immigrant cartoonist who exposed fraud of the Tammany Hall Machine. |
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| Young Men's and Women's Christian Associations. Had members who followed codes and provided recreation. |
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| Movements to make cities prettier. Central Park came from this. |
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| Houses for poor workers in slums. Jane Addams bought a mansion and converted it into a settlement house, or Hull House. |
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| Advocate of the Social Gospel in New York's Hells Kitchen. |
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| Architect and public worker who advocated city beautification projects. |
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| Democratic politician who was to be the first Big City Boss of Kansas City, Missouri. |
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| Led moral crusade against vices like gambling and prostitution. |
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| Temperance leader. She believed women where more virtuous than men. Illustrated cult of domesticity. |
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| Taught many subjects. Professional schools, focuses on research. |
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| Satire shows in New York that entertained a wide variety of audiences. |
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| New York Amusement park in Brooklyn. Had rollercoaster, tunnel of love, and ferris wheel. |
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| Feminist, educated, woman in the US. |
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| Newest women's cultural movement of the 1890's. Direct counter-response to Victorian Culture. |
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| Personification of feminist beauty. Ink drawings in magazines and newspapers. |
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| Aaron Montgomery Ward, Richard Warren Sears |
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| Montgomery was the mail order king, pre-amazon. Sears founded Sears. |
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| F.W. Woolworth, John Wanamaker |
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| Wanamaker was advertiser, merchant and religious leader. Woolworth founded footlocker, had self service display cases. |
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| Made department store Macy's. |
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| Irish Boxer, world champion. Refused to fight blacks. |
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| Made Kellogg's cereal. Ironically, health advocate. |
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