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| System in which lords were given the right to the labor of Indians |
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| Columbus's idea to plunder America |
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| Reconquest. Struggle between Catholics and Muslims for control of Iberia |
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| Wrote the destruction of the Indies. |
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| Fastest and most maneuverable ship of the time. Developed by Henry the Navigator's insititute. Made the invasion of America possible. |
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| Prince Henry (The Navigator) |
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| Established an institute which discovered the world was round, and created the fastest ship of the time, the Caravel. Also discovered gold in south Africa. Died in 1460. |
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| Focus on human potential brought on by trends in art and architecture in the Renaissance |
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| Rebirth of Knowledge. Time period in which people became very interested in knowledge and art. Inspired by Greek and Roman texts found in the crusades. |
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| Series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims for the holy land of Palestine. |
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| Crossed the isthmus of Panama to the Pacific ocean and made first contact with the Aztecs. |
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| Crops from the new world that helped end the famine problem in Europe. Crops include Corn, Potatoes, and Tomatoes. |
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| The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. |
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| A Pilgrim, the second governor of the Plymouth colony, 1621-1657. He developed private land ownership and helped colonists get out of debt. He helped the colony survive droughts, crop failures, and Indian attacks. |
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| Pilgrims and Puritans contrasted |
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Pilgrims = Sepratists fleeing for religious freedom
Puritans = Reformers wanting to purify the Anglican Church |
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| Puritans colony. Established political freedom and a representative government |
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| Puritan Stockholders agreed to join the Massachusetts Bay Colony in exchange for control of its government. |
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| Many Puritans emigrated from England to America in the 1630's and 1640's. During this time the population of the Massachusetts Bay colony grew to ten times its earlier population. |
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| The national church of England, founded by King Henry VIII. It included both Roman Catholic and Protestant ideas. |
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| 1st governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony. Served from 1630-1649. Opposed total democracy. Believed it was best to be governed by a small number of rulers. Organized New England Confederation in 1643 and served as first president. |
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| Separatists/Non-Separatists |
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Non-separatists (Puritans) believed that the Church of England could be purified through reforms.
Separatists (Pilgrims) believed that the Church of England could not be reformed, and so started their own congregations. |
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| Protestand sect founded by John Calvin. Strong moral code and believed in predestination. Supported constitutional representative government and the separation of church and state. |
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| Congregational Church, Cambridge Platform |
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| Congregational Church was founded by separatists who felt the Church of England retained too many Roman Catholic beliefs and practices (Pilgrims). Cambridge Platform stressed morality over church dogma. |
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| Contrast Puritan colonies with others |
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| Puritan colonies were self-governed, each town has its own government. Only full church members could vote and hold public office. Other colonies had different styles of government and were more open to different beliefs. |
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| Anne Hutchinson, Antinomianism |
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| Preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (Antinomianists) founded New Hampshire in 1639. |
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| Roger Williams, Rhode Island |
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| lefts Massachusetts and bought land from indian tribe to found the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island was the only colony at the time to offer complete religious freedom. |
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| Puritan teachings emphasized the biblical covenants: God's covenants with Adam and with Noah, the covenant of grace between God and man through Christ. |
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| Voting granted to church members |
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| Massachusetts court passed an act to limit voting rights to church members. |
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| applied to those members of the puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs. |
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| Founded by Thomas Brattle. Did not require people to prove they had achieved grace in order to become full members. |
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| Clergyman, one of the founders of Hartfrod. Called "The father of American Democracy" because he said that people have a right to choose their magistrates. |
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| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
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| Set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut area. First constitution written in America. |
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| Organized town churches into county associations which sent delegates to the annual assembly which governed the colony of Connecticut. |
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| First public education legislation in America. It declared that towns with 50 or more families had to hire a schoolmaster and that towns with over 100 families had to found a grammar school. |
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| Founded by a grant from the Massachusetts general court. Followed Puritan beliefs. |
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| New England Confederation |
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| Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies. |
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| Series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. War started when Massachusetts tried to for their government over the Indians. Colonists won with help from the Mohawks, and opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. |
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| The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros. |
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| Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 to 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England. |
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| A company made up of a group of shareholders. each shareholder contributes some money to the company and recieves some share of the company's profits and debts. |
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| Formed by the Virginia Company as a profit earning venture. Starvation was the major problem. About 90 died the first year. Company had trouble attracting new colonists. Offered private land ownership in the colony, but still eventually went bankrupt and the colony went to the crown. did not become a successful colony until the colonists started raising and exporting tobacco. |
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| Headrights were parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres which were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more colonists |
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| Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter. |
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| He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony. |
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| The first African slaves in America arrive in the Virginia colony in 1619. |
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| The Virinia House of Burgesses formed the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses. |
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| In the English Civil War these were the troops loyal to Charles II. Their opponents were the Roundheads, loyal to Parliament and Oliver Cromwell |
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| Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness. |
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| Led by Culperer, the Alpemark colony rebelled against its English governor, Thomas Miller. The rebellion was crushed, but Culperer was acquitted. |
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| Georgia was formed as a buffer between the Carolinas and Spanish held Florida. It was a militar colony, but also served as a haven for the poor, criminals, and persecuted Protestants. |
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| Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly disciplined military like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor. |
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| Charles II granted this land to pay off a debt to some supporters. They instituted headrights and a representative government to attract colonists. The southern region of the Carolinas grew rich off its ties to the sugar islands, while the poorer northern region was composed mainly of farmers. The conflicts between the regions eventually led to the colony being split into North and South Carolina. |
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| John Locke, Fundamental Constitution |
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| Locke was a british political theorist who wrote the fundamental constitution for the Carolinas colony, but it was never put into effect. The constitution would have set up a feudalistic government headed by an aristocracy which owned most of the land. |
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| The first permanent settlement in the Carolinas, named in honor of Kind Charles II. Much of the population were Huguenot refugees. |
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| Staple crops in the South |
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| Tobacco was grown in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. Rice was grown in South Carolina and Georgia. Indigo was grown in South Carolina. |
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| Pennsylvania, William Penn |
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| Willian Penn recieved a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a haven for Quakers. His colony, Pennsylvania, allowed religious freedom. |
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| Liberal land laws in Pennsylvania |
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| William Penn allowed anyone to emigrate to Pennsylvania, in order to provide a haven for persecuted religions. |
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| Willian Penn's term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all. |
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| The Charter of Liberties set up the government for the Pennsylvania colony. It established representative government and allowed counties to form their own colonies. |
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| New York: Dutch, 1664 English |
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| New York belonged to the Dutch, but Kind Charles II gave the land to his brother, the Duke of York in 1664. When the British came to take the colony, the Dutch, who hated their Governor Stuyvesant, quickly surrendered to them. The Dutch retook the colony in 1673 but the British regained it in 1674. |
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| Patronships were offered to individuals who managed to build a settlement of at least 50 people within 4 years. Few people were able to accomplish this. |
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| The governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, hated by the colonists. They surrendered the colony to the English of Sept. 8, 1664. |
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