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| Henry Wadsworth Longfellow |
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| Internationally recognized poet. Emphasized the value of tradition and the impact of the past on the present. |
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| He broke away from the traditional forms and content of New England poetry by describing the life of working Americans and using words like "I reckon", "duds", and "folks" (wrote Leaves of Grass) |
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| Hudson River School of Art |
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| a group of American painters, led by Thomas Cole, used their talents to do landscapes, which were not highly regarded. |
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| First to raise topics of American practicality over theory, the industrial aristocracy, and the conflict between the masses and individuals. |
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| were Seventh-Day Adventists who followed William Miller. |
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| believed the world was under Satan's rule and felt it their obligation to announce the Second Coming of Christ and the battle of Armageddon. |
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| Term applied to the region of western New York along the Erie Canal, and refers to the religious fervor of its inhabitants. |
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| An immensely successful revivalist of the 1800's. He helped establish the "Oberlin Theology". |
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| Founded Mormonism in New York in 1830 with the guidance of an angel. |
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| let the Mormons to the Great Salt Lake Valley in Utah, where they founded the Mormon republic of Deseret. |
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| An experiment in Utopian socialism |
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| A utopian settlement in Indiana lasting from 1825 to 1827. |
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| A group of socio-religious perfectionists who lived in New York. |
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| A millennial group who believed in both Jesus and a mystic named Ann Lee |
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| A German religious sect set up this community with communist overtones. |
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| Associations were formed in nearly every state to give lectures, concerts, debates, scientific demonstrations, and entertainment. This movement was directly responsible for the increase in the number of institutions of higher learning. |
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| reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. |
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| Unions formed by groups of skilled craftsmen. |
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| The case was the first judgement in the U.S. that recognized that the conspiracy law is inapplicable to unions and that strikes for a closed shop are legal. |
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| founded by a New England Congregationalist; First coed facility at the college level. |
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| founded in 1837 in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Became the model for later liberal arts institutions of higher education for women. Liberal colleges. |
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| Secretary of the newly formed Massachusetts Board of Education, he created a public school system in Massachusetts that became the model for the nation. |
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| American Temperance Union |
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| The flagship of the temperance movement in the 1800's. Opposed alcohol. |
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| A melodramatic story, published in 1856, which became a favorite text for temperance lecturers. |
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| forbade the sale or manufacture of liquor. |
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| they were extremely poor peasants who later became the manpower for canal and railroad construction. |
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| also came because of economic distress, shaped many of america's morals |
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| An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840's and 1850's in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics. |
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| He was briefly involved in Nativism and anti-Catholic movements, asserting that foreign immigration posed a threat to the free institutions of the U.S., as immigrants took jobs from Americans and brought dangerous new ideas. |
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| An early feminist, she worked constantly with her husband in liberal causes, particularly slavery abolition and women's suffrage. |
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| A pioneer in the women's suffrage movement, she helped organize the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. |
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| Site of the first modern women's right convention. |
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| supporter of women's education, in 1818 she published Plan for Improving Female Education, which became the basis for public education of women in New York. |
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| A writer and lecturer, she worked on behalf of household arts and education of the young. |
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| believed in preserving the values of "true womanhood": piety, domesticity, purity and submissiveness. |
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| Formally condemned all wars, though it supported the U.S. government during the Civil War, WWI, and WWII. |
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| allowed the congregation of prisoners during the day. |
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| based on the concept that solitary confinement would induce meditation and moral reform. |
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| established the Supreme Court's right to judicial review. |
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| ruled that a state cannot arbitrarily interfere with a person’s property rights. |
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| upheld the right of the Supreme Court to review the decisions of state courts |
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| Darmouth College v. Woodward |
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| declared private corporation charters to be contracts and immune form impairment by states' legislative action. |
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| upheld the power of Congress to charter a bank as a government agency, and denied the state the power to tax that agency. |
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| upheld the Supreme Court's jurisdiction to review a state court's decision where the case involved breaking federal laws. |
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| ruled that only the federal government has authority over interstate commerce. |
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| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia |
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| Court said Indians were not foreign nations, and U.S. had broad powers over tribes but a responsibility for their welfare. |
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| Expanded tribal authority by declaring tribes sovereign entities, like states, with exclusive authority within their own boundaries. |
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