Term
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Definition
ideology held by both Democrats and Republicans.
belief that the US will be the inspiration of the world due to its prosperity and democracy, its association with standing up to facism |
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| "the greatest generation" |
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Definition
the belief that it accomplished things later generations could not - belief in the idea that American moral rightness led to us rewriting our history (aka, US was always involved in WWII, rhetoric vs reality)
people of this era call themselves "the last real Americans" |
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bulk of the country's population is born after WWII - this majority held a lot of influence in America and still does.
As they go, everyone goes. |
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Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service
aka a women sect of the US Navy |
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| middle class women in factories making weapons, they feel respected and empowered |
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Term
| Why did women return to the traditional roles of homemaker, mother, and wife after WWII? |
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Definition
| fear of unemployment, divorce, and juvenile delinquency |
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Definition
| compliance of women as homemaker in 1950s, though there was underlying frustrations |
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The Feminine Mystique (1963)
-godmother of feminist movement
-classic modern feminine protest literature
-sparked 60s feminist movement |
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Definition
| one of the worst rioting (between blacks and whites) in American History, lasted for three days during the war |
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| blacks battle cry - when they did the peace sign, blacks believe that the war (victory) would bring a victory in civil rights. sacrifice can lead to two victories. |
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| civil rights organization for blacks - Congress of Racial Equality - nonviolent, started Double V, will become major force in civil rights movement |
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| black civil rights leader |
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| violates the Constitution regarding the Japanese, ruled "the incarceration of Japanese in camps is constitutional" - wrong and discriminatory |
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| Hispanic youth dressing in flamboyant "Zoot Suits" (celebrating their culture) and it angered American troops that were visiting home (took it as an attack on them) - led to riots |
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Definition
| biggest internal migration in American history - blacks moving northward looking for jobs |
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| part of the biggest internal migration, people moving to West and South-West, FDR gives government contracts to factories there, lures workers |
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Definition
| Mexicans moved from Mexico (legally) to work menial jobs in California |
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Term
| What was the greatest success of the Great Alliance? |
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Definition
| That the three nations were greatly demographically separated, their cultures were different, their leaders only met three times, they were suspicious of each other, and they were egotists YET they could put that all aside and work together to win the war |
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Term
| What was the greatest failure of the Great Alliance? |
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Definition
| They were strong enough to win the war together, yet they were not strong enough to win peace together. |
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Term
| Who made up the Grand Alliance? |
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Definition
the last remaining Allies
GB, US, USSR |
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Definition
| we would defeat Hitler then go after Japan |
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Term
| Unconditional Surrender Policy |
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Definition
| no separate treaties. We will fight Hitler till the end, keeping the rocky reliance with each other (USSR though US and GB would back out) |
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Definition
| The Russian/German front; Russians lost a lot of people on this front and GB and US didn't help with troops here |
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Term
| Stalin's want for a "Second Front" |
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Definition
| wanted US and GB to launch a second direct attack on Germany (through France) to prove their sincerity as allies. This eventually happened, but not before going through Operation Torch/Italy |
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| Churchill's views about the second front |
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Definition
| Churchill was a bitter anti-communist. He was worried that if they lost too many lives then Britain would lose their world power status due to lack of people. He convinces FDR to go an indirect way to "save lives" |
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Definition
| Churchill and FDR's indirect way of attacking Germany, not the second front that USSR wanted - Italy and Operation Torch |
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Definition
| underbelly of Europe - through North Africa |
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Term
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Definition
| US and GB were stalled here by the Nazi army, basically left USSR on their own |
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| 1942 - in USSR territory. The major battle of WWII. First time Hitler's armies were stopped (it happened w/o US and GB help, purely USSR, with little lend/lease help). Stalin feels like Allies purposefully stalled so Russia and Hitler would kill each other off. |
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| June 6, 1944 - the launching of the second front in Normandy, invading Hitler's France. Stalin believed US and GB only did this after the Russians first defeated the Nazis. |
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| where the US and USSR troops met for the first time - ironic comradeship between the two because at this point the Great Alliance was dead (Stalin no longer believed in "one world" and US belief was Russians were trying to take over Europe) |
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Term
| Atomic bomb: end of WWII or start of Cold War? |
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Definition
Russia has already continued spheres of influence (miss communication!!) - they saw us as a betrayal
atomic bombs were really to show Russia that they better behave because we were strong while also getting revenge on the people who initially hurt us |
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Definition
1941 - written by FDR, reflects Wilson's Fourteen Points, "one world"
altruistic or self interest?
Both Stalin and Churchill suspected this was a plan for American control over the world |
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Definition
feel good, peace, positive, optimistic, democratic, VERY AMERICAN
the way you get world peace is through justice |
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Definition
| make big countries secure by creating barriers between big countries by denying freedoms to the smaller ones (by taking them over) |
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Term
| What made USSR and GB suspect the Atlantic Charter? |
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Definition
| America's big problem in the 30s was the Great Depression which was caused by overproduction. America needed markets. Freedoms granted by the Atlantic Charter were economic/trade freedoms (among others) - satisfies American needs but makes other countries a colony of US, because our good would cripple their economy |
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Term
| Why did the USSR and GB sign the Atlantic Charter? |
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Definition
| lend/lease - they needed military assistance |
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Term
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Definition
outlawed "closed" shops (closed to non-union members), made unions liable for damages that resulted from jurisdictional disputes among themselves, and required that union leaders take non-communist oaths
- strike against labor unions |
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Definition
| unionizing Southern textiles, didn't work because of racial mixing |
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Definition
| an agreement between Britain and the United States - saying if the US should enter WWII, they would help "get Germany first" before other fronts (aka Japan) |
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Definition
| Order of FDR to remove Japanese "enemy aliens" to internment camps - ruled Constitutional in Korematsu |
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Term
| WWII meant what for the New Deal? |
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Definition
| It was over. Many ND programs were wiped out |
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Definition
| "Sir Launchalot" - shipbuilder that churned out lots of ships for US in time of WWII - example of massive military orders which ended Great Depression by creating demand for jobs and production |
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Term
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Definition
| halted manufacture of nonessential items to make room for war products |
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Term
| Office of Price Administration (OPA) |
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Definition
| wartime agency charged with regulating the consumer economy through rationing scarce supplies |
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Term
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Definition
| led the United Mine Workers in a strike during WWII - not many labor unions striked at this time |
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Term
| Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act |
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Definition
| 1943, let government seize and operate industries threatened by or under strikes |
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Definition
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| leader of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters - threatened a "Negro March to Washington" in 1941 to get better rights and treatment |
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Term
| Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters |
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Definition
| led by Philip Randolph threatened a "Negro March to Washington" for better rights and treatment |
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Term
| Negro March to Washington (1941) |
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Definition
| Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters led by Philip Randolph threatened to do this for better rights and treatment |
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Term
| Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) |
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Definition
| president established this to discourage racism and oppression in the workplace, yet blacks in the army still suffered |
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Term
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Definition
| Native Americans that served in the war and relayed military orders in their own language, if intercepted, the Axis powers could not understand |
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Term
| America was the only country to emerge the war _______. |
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Definition
| better than it had entered it |
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Term
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Definition
| naval battle against Japan. US victory halted Japanese expansion in Pacific |
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Definition
| Allies would bypass heavily fortified islands, take over neighboring islands, and starve the resistant forces to death with lack of supplies or constant bombing to push back Japanese |
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Term
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| German battle code, we deciphered it which helped pinpoint attacks and counteracted the effective U-Boat |
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Definition
| Roosevelt and Churchill met and agreed on "unconditional surrender" |
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Term
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Definition
| GB, USSR, and US met and agreed that Soviets and Allies would launch simultaneous attacks |
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| Republican elect for 1944 elections - young liberal from New York - called for prosecution of war and international organization for peace |
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Term
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Definition
| Democratic vice president elect under FDR - no one had anything against him - ended up becoming president after FDR dies mid-term |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitler concentrated his forces in a last shot gamble, failed, and Hitler committed suicide ending the war |
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| Victory in Europe - marked the official end of WWII May 8, 1945 |
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| Japanese last ditch effort - America is getting revenge for Pearl Harbor |
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Definition
| Allies issued Japan an ultimatum: surrender or be destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| US had been developing atomic bombs |
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Term
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| two cities in Japan where we dropped atomic bombs - devastating effects |
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Term
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Definition
| Victory over Japan Day - official surrender of Japan day |
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Term
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Definition
| new miracle drug that helped the number killed by disease and infections very low for casualties |
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Term
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Definition
| Eisenhower, MacArthur, and Marshall |
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Term
| _____ lines were just as important as _____ lines. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The Long Telegram
-foundation for our foreign policy
-misinterpreted |
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Definition
| we need to stand up to the USSR and make sure communism stays solely in the USSR; took what Kennan said and took out all the good stuff |
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Term
| Stalin prevents free elections in Poland |
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Definition
1945 - imposing communism
USSR pov: think ways to promote peace = spheres of influence; feels betrayed by US and GB in the Atlantic Charter
US pov: betrayal of Atlantic Charter and alliance |
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Term
| Churchill's "Iron Curtain" Speech |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in 1947. Emotional (fear) approach to Soveit communism - oversold - Americans got extremely scared |
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Definition
| stood up to USSR because we thought they were trying to take over |
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Definition
| economic aid so Europe wouldn't turn into communist build up - trying to stand up to USSR |
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Definition
1947
1. Joint chiefs of staff
2. national security counsel -- advisers to the president because USSR "had spies"
3. creates CIA that has secret agents -- our government has secret spies like the government |
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Definition
| against labor unions (associated with communist); loyalty oaths because of unions = socialism |
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Term
| Congress resists "To Secure These Rights" |
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Definition
| 1947 - Truman wants black rights but Congress says no |
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Term
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Definition
| 1940 - accused of being red - suspicion that they were USSR spies in government |
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Term
| Fair Deal stalls in Congress |
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Definition
| USSR closes off to Berlin - US uses air power and drops supplies into Berlin (US seen as the good guys) |
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Term
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Definition
| friendship and military agreement with Europe |
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Term
| What do Mao, NATQ, and Soviets developing the atomic bomb have in common? |
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Definition
| Scared US policy makers - we concluded racist - Mao is not white so Russia must be behind them - we know today they didn't like each other |
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Term
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Definition
| a demagogues; exploiting anti-communist; told people of "communist" people in America especially in the government, by the end he was totally discredited after accusing the military |
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Term
| McCarran Internal Security Act |
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Definition
| forces people to admit you weren't a commie - freedom of speech revoked |
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Definition
| Soviet support North Korea, we fear that commie is on the march |
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Term
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Definition
| two American are electrocuted for being accused of being a Russian spy |
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| "Massive Retaliation"/Secretary of State Jon Foster Dulles |
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Definition
| if Russia steps out of line, we will put them in their place - never worked |
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Term
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Definition
| partly thinking United States would help them win, we did nothing while USSR crushed them |
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Term
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Definition
| shift to the space race - Russia sent a satellite and we thought we were behind |
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Term
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Definition
| typical "Red Scare" tactic |
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Term
| "Invasion of the Body Snatchers" |
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Definition
| invasion of aliens represented a fear of invasion of the US by invisible commies - commies were out to get us |
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Term
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Definition
| secret US document - fear that the cold war would turn into a nuclear war and end the world. Americans never saw this. shows that US was the ones to start the arms race |
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Term
| What legacy did the arms race leave behind? |
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Definition
| thousands of unused bombs that are leaking into the world, we cant do anything but bury them |
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Term
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Definition
| just because you can build the bomb doesn't mean you should |
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Definition
| aimed at unionizing southern textiles, didn't work because of racial mixing |
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Definition
| promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power - created Council of Economic Advisers |
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Definition
| allowed all servicemen to have free college education |
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Definition
| research and development, became a whole new industry post-war |
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Definition
| thousands of houses that all looked the same - carbon copies made fast in suburbs for "white flight" |
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Term
| International Monetary Fund |
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Definition
| encourage the world trade by regulating the currency and exchange rates |
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Term
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Definition
| top 22 culprits of the Holocaust were severely punished - went on forever - judicial lynching? |
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Definition
| USSR formed this, its own alliance |
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| with our bombs combined we'd destroy the world |
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Definition
| took away freedom of speech, made people do liberty oaths |
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Term
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Definition
| democratic split in the party 1948 - these were white southern blacks |
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| Truman's office plans were |
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Definition
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Definition
| where we fought for South Korea vs USSR - nothing was accomplished here at all |
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Definition
| common slogan of the 50s; Eisenhower was a very popular with the average American |
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Definition
| The Lonely Crowd; criticizing Ike |
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Term
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Definition
| The Power Elite, White Collar; criticizing Ike |
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Term
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Definition
| The Organization Man; criticizing Ike |
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Term
| Ike was more interested in social _____ than social _____. |
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Definition
harmony
justice
this was a critique during his time because people missed the energy and activism of FDR, but later critics praised him for his restraint of power and slowness - he followed the law! |
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| Vietnam Conflict and domestic anti-war protest |
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Definition
| aggressive government action over protests that ripped the country |
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Definition
| Nixon gets caught lying for stealing money and snooping |
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