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| Native Americans who that lived in what is now Mexico and routinely offered their gods human sacrifices, these people were violent, yet built amazing pyramids and built a great civilization without having a wheel. |
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| Indians of the Ohio River Valley. |
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| The Mississippian settlement- |
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| At Cahokia, near present-day East St. Louis, Illionis, was home to about 40,000 people in at 1100 A.D. |
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| This was legendary leader who inspired the Iroquois, a powerful group of Native Americans in the northeaster woodlands of the U.S. |
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| These Vikings discovered America in about 1000 A.D., when they discovered modern-day Newfoundland. They abandoned it later due to bad conditions. |
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| Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile- |
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| The wedded king and queen of Spain, their marriage united the previously non-existing country. |
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| In 1498, he reached India and returned home with a small but tantalizing cargo of jewels and spices. |
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| An Italian seafarer who persuaded Spain to give him three ships for which to sail west to look for a better route to India, he “discovered” America in 1492 |
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| Discoverer of the Pacific Ocean in 1513. |
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| In 1519, his crew began a voyage and eventually ended up becoming the first to circumnavigate the world, even though he died in the Philippines. The sole surviving ship returned to Europe in 1522. |
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| In 1513 and 1521, this Spanish Explorer explored Florida, searching for gold (contrary to the myth of his seeking the “Fountain of Youth”). |
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| A female Indian slave who knew Mayan and Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec. |
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| Annihilator of the Aztec in 1519. |
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| Leader of a Spanish group that traversed parts of Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas in 1598, he and his men proclaimed the province of New Mexico in 1609 and founded its capital, Santa Fe. |
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| Sent by the French, he went on an expedition down the Mississippi in the 1680s. |
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| The Spanish missionary who founded 21 missions in California, in 1769, he founded Mission San Diego, the first of the chain. |
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| - the Indian word for corn, basis of many indian societies |
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| the Spanish word for “conqueror,” these explorers claimed much of America for Spain, slaughtering millions of natives in the process |
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| a euphemism for slavery in which Indians were given to colonists to be “Christianized.” |
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| massive prehistoric lake, all of which remains today in the form of the Great Salt Lake |
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| treaty that settled Spanish and Portuguese differences in the Americas, Portugal got modern-day Brazil; Spain got the |
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| revolt in which Indians took over New Mexico and held control for nearly half a century. |
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| Maker's of America interesting facts |
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- Conquistadores included Hernán Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who conquered the Aztecs and the Incas respectively.
- Within half a century of Columbus’ “discovery” of America, they had claimed, for Spain, territory that stretched form Colorado to Argentina.
- They spread from Cuba through Mexico and from Panama, south through Peru.
- As the Spanish crown tightened its grip on its colonies, though, the conquistadors lost more and more power.
- Most of them never achieved their dreams of glory, though a few received royal titles.
- Many of them married Indian women, creating a new class of people called mestizos.
- The mestizos formed a bridge between Latin America’s Indian and European races. |
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Capital of the West African kingdom of Mali, a place located in the Niger River Valley.
Madeira, the Canaries, São Tomé, Pricipe- |
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