Term
| The Seneca Falls Convention was organized by ... to discuss women's rights and issues |
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Definition
| Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
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Term
| The Seneca Falls Convention resulted in ... modeled after ... to state that women should be treated equally with men. It signified the beginning of a long road towards women's rights. |
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Definition
| The Declaration of Rights and Sentiments, the Declaration of Independence |
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Term
| Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in order to ... |
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Definition
| lift northern spirits, which were getting more sympathetic to the antislavery cause, to eliminate a major economic benefit to the south in the form of slave labor, and to ensure that European powers would not side with the Confederacy. |
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Term
| Nativism in the 1830s resulted in the formation of the ... |
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Definition
| American/Know-Nothing Party |
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Term
| The goal of the Know-Nothing Party was to ... |
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Definition
| keep all Catholics and immigrants out of office and add restrictions to immigration. Although many members of the party were elected to office, its goals were overshadowed as the Civil War loomed. |
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Term
| Henry Clay served as ... under president ... |
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Definition
| speaker of the house, Monroe |
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Term
| The Free Soil Party was made up of ... |
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Definition
| Antislavery Democrats and Whigs |
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Term
| The Free Soil Party elected ... for president in 1848. |
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Definition
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Term
| The slogan of the Free Soil Party was ... |
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Definition
| "Free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men." This slogan summed up their party platform. |
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Term
| What effect did the Free Soil Party have on the election of 1848? |
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Definition
| The party did not win any electoral votes, but Van Buren's candidicy split the Democratic vote in New York. This allowed the Whig candidate, Zachary Taylor, to win the presidency. |
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Term
| Upton Sinclair's The Jungle led to the passage of what two acts? They were passed by president ... after he read the book. |
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Definition
| The Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and the Pure Food and Drug Act. Theodore Roosevelt. |
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Term
| Henry Clay had a vast impact on politics during what time period? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who led the Whig party until his death in 1952? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what year did colonial delegates meet in Albany, New York? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The Albany Plan of Union called for ... |
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Definition
| all colonies to unify in the face of French and Native American threats. |
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Term
| Why was the Albany Plan of Union rejected? |
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Definition
| Delegates approved of the plan, but the colonies rejected it for fear of losing too much power. The crown also did not support the plan, because it was weary of too much cooperation between the colonies. |
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Term
| The temperance movement of the 19th century viewed alcoholic beverages as ... |
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Definition
| the cause of poverty and crime. |
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Term
| Dorothea Dix called for reform in the treatment of the mentally handicapped in what year? |
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Definition
| 1843. Many acted on her advice and adopted programs to improve the lives of the mentally handicapped. |
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Term
| Utopian experiments were usually based on ... |
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Definition
| economic, social, or religious beliefs. |
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Term
| What effect did utopian communities have on society at large? |
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Definition
| Very little effect-they were an extreme reflection of the American spirit of reform and perfectionism prevalent from the Jacksonian era. |
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Term
| In what year was the Mormon Church (aka the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) founded, and who was it founded by? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where did the Mormons migrate in 1847? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| When Joseph Smith was killed, who assumed leadership of the Mormons? |
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Definition
| Brigham Young. When Utah became a territory in 1850, Young was its governor. |
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Term
| William Lloyd Garrison was an ... who created what newspaper? |
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Definition
| abolitionist, The Liberator. Garrison also helped to created the American Anti-lavery Society, which argued for the freedom of slaves and for equality with White people. He also supported to right of women to participate equally in the Anti-lavery Society, which led to a split in the movement. |
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Term
| What was Shawnee chief Tecumseh's primary goal? |
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Definition
| He and his brother wanted to unite Native American tribes in Ohio and Indiana to keep the region under native control and ward of white rule. He was defeated by William Henry Harrison in 1811 at the Battle of Tippecanoe. |
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Term
| What was Shawnee chief Tecumseh's primary goal? |
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Definition
| He and his brother wanted to unite Native American tribes in Ohio and Indiana to keep the region under native control and ward of white rule. He was defeated by William Henry Harrison in 1811 at the Battle of Tippecanoe. |
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Term
| How did William Henry Harrison make a name for himself? |
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Definition
| He defeated Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. He ran for president and won as a war hero with the slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too." |
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Term
| Theodore Roosevelt began a period of reform known as ... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Theodore Roosevelt's reform initiatives included ... |
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Definition
| trust busting, conservation, and legislation to help protect the public. Through these "Square Deal" programs, he made strides toward helping people get fair treatment by the government and by corporations. |
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Term
| What did the Dawes Act do, and it what year was it passed? |
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Definition
| Passed in 1887, the Dawes Act gave any Indian who was willing to leave a reservation and take up farming full citizenship and 160 acres of land. It was not until 1924 that all Indians were granted citizenship, however. |
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Term
| What was the effect of the Dred Scott Decision? |
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Definition
| By ruling that a slave was"property" and could be taken anywhere by its owner, Dred Scott v. Sanford ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. This caused great consternation with many Northerners because it allowed slavery in all territories. |
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Term
| What decision was made in Plessy v. Furguson.? |
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Definition
| The power to establish seperate but equal facilities was reserved to the states. Before the case segregation dealt primarily with transportation, but then extended to almost every area of life. It was not overturned until Brown v. the Board of Education in 1954. |
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Term
| Why was the Trail of Tears given that name? |
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Definition
| The Cherokee Indians were forced to sign a treaty in 1835, in which they gave up their lands in exchange for territory in Arkansas, money, and transportation to the new lands. 12,000 Cherokees started the thousand-mile trek, but 4,000 died along the way. |
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Term
| What amendment was designed to ensure the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1866? |
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Definition
| The 14th Amendment (1868)-it went further than the Civil Rights Act by forbidding any state to take away the "privileges and immunities" of citizens, and required due process of law. |
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Term
| The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were written by ... in response to the ... |
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Definition
| Jefferson and Madison, Alien and Sedition Acts |
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Term
| The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions argued for ... |
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Definition
| a strict interpretation of the Constitution. They also claimed that states had the right to nullify laws that they found unconstitutional. |
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Term
| Although the United States was suffering serious abused from Great Britain and France prior to the War of 1812, why did they only declare war on Great Britain? |
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Definition
| Great Britain had a larger naval force that was more dangerous to US interests-they impressed sailors, which was a practice that the French did not follow. Anti-British sentiment was also on the rise after the Chesapeake incident, in which American soldiers were killed. Third, the War Hawks, led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, wanted to gain control of Canada, which was a British colony. |
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Term
| After Texas won its independence from Mexico, representatives immediately consulted the US about annexation. Why did the Senate hesitate to approve annexation? |
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Definition
| Sectional fears-president Tyler wanted to annex Texas as a slave state to solidify his base in the south before the election of 1844. |
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Term
| Describe the annexation of Texas. |
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Definition
| Texas was annexed by a joint resolution of Congress in 1845 after James K. Polk was elected president. |
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Term
| What was the function of the Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo? |
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Definition
| The Treaty of Guadelupe-Hidalgo ended the Mexican War in February of 1848. It granted the US possession of Texas above the Rio Grande, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million. The US also assumed all monetary claims of US citizens against the Mexican government. |
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Term
| What was the initial cause of the Spanish-American War? (1898) |
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Definition
| US concerns about the Cuban independence movement |
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Term
| When the US won the Spanish-American War, what territories were gained? |
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Definition
| Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Cuban independence was also secured. |
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Term
| What is Big Stick Diplomacy? |
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Definition
| A term used to describe the foreign relations and diplomatic policies of President Theodore Roosevelt. He said "Speak softly and carry a big stick." |
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Term
| The Panama Canal connects ... |
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Definition
| the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans |
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Term
| The Panama Canal, championed by Teddy Roosevelt, was built between ... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What disease killed many people working on the Panama Canal? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The US had the ability to regulate all ship movement through the Panama Canal until what year? |
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Definition
| 1999, when Panama gained control of the canal. |
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Term
| What nations constituted the ABC Powers? |
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Definition
| Argentina, Brazil, and Chile |
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Term
| The intervention of the ABC Powers in what conflict prevented war between the US and Mexico in 1914? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the name of William Howard Taft's foreign policy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was William Howard Taft's primary goal with "Dollar Diplomacy"? |
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Definition
| He sought to address international problems by extending American investments overseas. He thought that such action would benefit the US economy and promote stability abroad. |
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Term
| What event mounted tension between the US and Mexico prior to the Mexican-American War? |
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Definition
| Texas accepted the US Congress's offer of admission to the Union, despite the Mexican government's opposition. |
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Term
| When did the US declare war on Mexico? |
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Definition
| After Mexican troops crossed the Rio Grande (1846) |
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Term
| What was the Gadsden Purchase, and why did Secretary of War Jefferson Davis push for the purchase? (1853) |
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Definition
Land from Mexico for present-day Arizona and New Mexico purchased for $10 million; to create a coast to coast rail line in the South.
(Stephen Douglas actually ensured that the railroad went through Nebraska, so the land was not used for its intended purpose) |
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Term
| Who were the Barbary Pirates and what did they do? |
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Definition
| The Barbary Pirates attacked foreign shipping on the northern coast of Africa, often stealing the cargo and holding sailors for ransom. |
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Term
| Who were the Barbary Pirates and what did they do? |
|
Definition
| The Barbary Pirates attacked foreign shipping on the northern coast of Africa, often stealing the cargo and holding sailors for ransom. |
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Term
| Who were the Barbary Pirates and what did they do? |
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Definition
| The Barbary Pirates attacked foreign shipping on the northern coast of Africa, often stealing the cargo and holding sailors for ransom. |
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Term
| Who put an end to the Barbary Pirate problem? (1801) |
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Definition
| Stephen Decatur-he commanded the warships that ultimately defeated the Barbary Pirates, and set up a blockade around the islands in 1805, forcing a peace settlement. |
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Term
| What did the Foraker Act do? |
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Definition
| It declared that Puerto Rico was an unorganized territory and gave the president power to appoint a governor and upper house. It also called for the election of a lower house. |
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Term
| Following the passage of the Foraker Act, the Puerto Rican people modeled their constitution after that of the United States and established a .... |
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Definition
| self-governing commonwealth. They did become citizens of the United States, however. |
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Term
| After the conclusion of the Spanish-American War, the Philippines were ruled by the United States. What did we do there? |
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Definition
| US officials helped to build the infrastructire of the islands and controlled the political process. The Philippines didn't gain full independence until after WWII. |
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Term
| Although the American public criticized Jay's Treaty as being too favorable to Great Britain, why is it considered a great diplomatic feat of the Washington administration? (1794) |
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Definition
| The treary provided for the removal of British troops from the American west and opened limited trade with the British West Indies. It also preserved peace with Great Britain while the US was still very young. |
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Term
| Why was Jay's Treaty disliked? (1794) |
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Definition
| It said nothing about the British impressment of American sailors and was considered too favorable to Great Britain. |
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Term
| What did the Platt Amendment do? (1901) |
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Definition
| The Platt Amendment restricted the independence of the Cuban government by authorizing American withdrawal from Cuba only on certain conditions. Cuba vowed to make no treaty with a foreign power limiting its independence, the US reserved the right to intervene in Cuba, and the US was allowed to maintain a naval base at Guantanamo Bay. |
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Term
| What factors directly contributed to Amreican isolationism? |
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Definition
| Washington advised against involvement in foreign entanglements in his farewell address, the Monroe Doctrine, and geographic isolation. |
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Term
| America's isolationist policy contributed to ... |
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Definition
| WWI. The nation went back to its isolationist policies between wars, however. |
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Term
| The Adams-Onis Treaty between Spain and the United States was created in 1819 and ratified in 1831. It served to ... |
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Definition
Define the border between the US and Mexico.
Fearing the loss of Florida without compensation, the Spanish foreign minister agreed to a border between the Louisiana Purchase and Spanish lands. |
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Term
| After the ratification of the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1831, Spain kept ... |
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Definition
| Texas, California, and New Mexico. |
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Term
| What effect did William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech have on the Democratic Party and the election of 1896? |
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Definition
| His unwavering support for silver and the West won him the Democratic nomination. The nomination was divisive, however, opposed by the Democrats in favor of a gold standard. This group nominated its own presidential candidate, and Bryan lost the election because he was a "radical." |
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Term
| The Farmer's Alliance took the place of what organization? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Farmer's Alliance was a support group for the nation's farmers. It was politically active in the ... and ..., and was central to the founding of what political party? |
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Definition
| Midwest and South, the Populist Party |
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Term
| In what 1886 Chicago rally did workers protest police brutality against strikers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the result of the Haymarket Riot (1886)? |
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Definition
| It erupted in violence when someone threw a bomb that killed 7 policemen and prompted a police backlash. Leaders of the Knights of Labor were arrested and imprisoned, causing public support for the union do die down. |
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Term
| The Federal Reserve Act was passed in what year, and by whom? |
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Definition
| 1913, Woodrow Wilson (it remains one of his most notable legislative succcesses) |
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Term
| What did the Federal Reserve Act do (1913)? |
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Definition
| It reorganized the American banking system by establishing 12 Federal Reserve Banks authorized to distribute currency. |
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Term
| Who led the charge against the Tariff of Abominations, and why? (1828) |
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Definition
| John C. Calhoun, because the North and West benefitted but the South did not. |
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Term
| What did John C. Calhoun write in protest of the Tariff of Abominations? |
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Definition
| The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, in which he outlined the theory of nullification. |
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Term
| What claim did John C. Calhoun make regarding the Tariff of Abominations? |
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Definition
| He said that any state could ignore the tariff if they found it unconstitutional-in other words,they could nullify. He also threatened to secede from the Union if forced to pay the duty. |
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Term
| What caused the Panic of 1819? |
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Definition
| The Panic of 1819 was a two-year depression caused by extensive speculation, the loose lending practices of state banks, a decline in European demands for American goods, and mismanagement within the 2nd BUS. |
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Term
| The Panic of 1819 is often called ... |
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Definition
| the beginning of the end of the Era of Good Feelings |
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Term
|
Definition
| wealthy entrepreneurs and businessmen during the Industrial Age, such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. |
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Term
| What was the intent of the Sherman Antitrust Act? (1890) |
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Definition
| The Sherman Antitrust Act made trusts and trade-restricting "conspiracies" illegal, and also intended to break up business monopolies. |
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Term
| Where did the Sherman Antitrust Act fail? (1890) |
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Definition
| The Act was so vague that it was used to break up union strikes during the 1890s. The government didn't launch an aggressive antitrust campaign until the 1900s. |
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Term
| What was the underlying cause of the Whiskey Rebellion? (1794) |
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Definition
| In 1791, Alexander Hamilton pushed for a high exise tax on whiskey as part of his Federalist Economic policy. |
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Term
| Where did the Whiskey Rebellion take place? |
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Definition
| Western Pennsylvania-the area most hurt by Hamilton's exise tax on whiskey. |
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Term
| How was the Whiskey Rebellion suppressed? |
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Definition
| George Washington himself led a force of militiamen to Pennsylvania to crush the rebellion. |
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Term
| What was the Industrial Revolution? |
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Definition
| The move from handmade goods to machine-made items and the rise of factories. It began in England, but moved to America in the late 1700s, progressing slowly for some time. |
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Term
| Below the surface ofthe gilded age was ... |
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Definition
| widespread greed and vulgarity. |
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Term
| The Panic of 1873 was caused largely by the bankruptcy of what American investment firm? |
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Definition
| Jay Cooke and Company (because of loan defaults and overspeculation) |
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Term
| The stock market closed for ten days during what "event"? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the outcome of the Panic of 1873? |
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Definition
| Many small banks and firms collapsed, and a six year depression took place-longer than any America had previously suffered. |
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Term
| Why did Jefferson push for the Embargo of 1807? |
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Definition
| It was an attempt to stop the warring French and British from harassing US trading ships and impressing US sailors. |
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Term
| Was the Embargo of 1807 a success? What was its result? |
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Definition
| No, it did not work at all, and the effects on the American economy were highly detrimental. Shipbuilding ceased, merchants went bankrupt, and some shippers turned to smuggling. Demands for goods also decreased, hurting farmers and manufacturers. |
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Term
| When was the American Federation of Labor founded, and by whom? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the goal of the AFL? |
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Definition
| To organize craft unions into a federation in which the individual unions maintained some autonomy. A larger union would clearly have more power in negotiating with management, however. |
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Term
| How did the STRUCTURE of the AFL differ from that of the Knights of Labor? |
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Definition
| The Knights of Labor intended to absorb smaller unions, while the AFL wanted craft unions to maintain some autonomy. |
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Term
| What is the significance of Little Bighorn? |
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Definition
General George A. Custer ignored the advice of his comrades and led a meager force of 200 men into a trap at the Little Bighorn River. There, his force was destroyed down to the last man by the Sioux.
It was one of the last significan Native American victories in the West. |
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Term
| Frederick Douglass published what antislavery newspaper? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did writers like Henry James and Mark Twain turn to realism? |
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Definition
| Americans were becoming increasingly interested in the scientific method, and wanted to show the world as it really was. Also, they wanted to accurately represent American life. |
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Term
| What impact did Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom's Cabin have on the abolitionist movement in America? |
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Definition
| By portraying the inhumanity of slavery in vivid detail, Stowe opened the eyes of many Northerners who had not taken a firm stance for or against slavery. It strengthened the abolitionist's moral cause. |
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Term
| What was revolutionary about the Lowell System? |
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Definition
| Francis Lowell has workers both spinngin cotton and weaving in the same factory. |
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Term
| Transcendentalists aimed to achieve ... |
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Definition
| an inner, emotional understanding of God rather than a rational, institutionalized one. They thought that truth and freedom were inborn. |
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Term
| Herbert Spencer came up with Social Darwinism and argued that ... |
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Definition
| the human species would evolve for the better if left alone with a "laissez-faire" governtment policy. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the notion that something is only meaningful and worthwhile if it has observable and practical consequences-influenced John Dewey and education/social reform |
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Term
| The South felt that John Brown's raids were an example of ... |
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Definition
| attacks by the North on their way of life. |
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Term
| Sharecroppers received ... in return for ... |
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Definition
| homes, barns, animals, tools, seed, and land; a share of their crops |
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