Term
| Received a charter to found a colony on Roanoke Island in 1854 |
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Definition
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Term
| The first nationality excluded from immigrating to the United States was the |
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Definition
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Term
| The basic viewpoint of the Supreme Court in the 1920s was to |
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Definition
| Overturn Progressive laws |
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Term
| The American antislavery movement split in the 1840s largely over the issue of |
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Definition
| The participation of women |
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Term
| The XYZ Affair resulted in |
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Definition
| an undeclared war between the United States and France |
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Term
| The best description of the political views of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention would be |
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Definition
| men who held a national view of the country |
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Term
| "The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremist folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing". This statement was most likely made by |
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Definition
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Term
| The narrowing gap between rural and urban population in the second half of the nineteenth century is best explained by the |
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Definition
| rapid industrialization of the country. |
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Term
| The major nations at the Washington Naval Conference in 1922 agreed to |
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Definition
| limit the number of ships in their navies and keep the status quo in the Pacific area |
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Term
| The 1892 Populist platform did NOT include |
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Definition
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Term
| The earliest English colony was |
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Definition
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Term
| When the Erie canal was constructed |
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Definition
| New England farming declined |
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Term
| Which of the following describes the purpose of the Maine Law of 1851? |
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Definition
| banning the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages |
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Term
| The Senate would probably have ratified the Versailles Treaty had President Wilson |
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Definition
| been willing to compromise on the League of Nations issue |
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Term
| The Louisiana Territory was ruled by nations in the following order: |
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Definition
| France, Spain, France, United States |
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Term
| The slave states that remained in the Union included |
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Definition
| Missouri, Kentucky, and Delaware |
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Term
| The provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo included all of these except |
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Definition
| yield the Mesilla Valley of Arizona to the United States |
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Term
| According to the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1908, Japan agreed to |
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Definition
| discourage its citizens from emigrating to the United States |
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Term
| The purpose of the Open Door Policy was to |
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Definition
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Term
| "Yesterday I came to Washington with a group of writers to protest the treatment given the bonus army in Washington. Coming to a President of my country to voice such a protest isn't a thing I like to do. With me it is like this: I am intensely interested in the lives of the common everyday people, laborers, mill hands, soldiers, stenographers, or whatever they may be....I have been looking, watching, finding out what I could about American life." The person most likely to have received this message was |
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Definition
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Term
| The chief goal of African-Americans in the civil rights movement in the South in the 1960s was to |
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Definition
| obtain the right for blacks to vote |
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Term
| Labor unions before the Civil War did not grow for all of these reasons EXCEPT |
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Definition
| employers provided adequate pension benefits |
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Term
| Most of the people who went to California during the Gold Rush |
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Definition
| failed to find enough gold to pay their expenses |
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Term
| The Gilded Age received its nickname from the |
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Definition
| corruption, greed, and superficial appearance of wealth |
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Term
| Large numbers of Irish immigrants came to the United States in the 1840s because of the |
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Definition
| massive failure of the potato crop |
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Term
| Theodore Roosevelt's political offices before he became President were |
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Definition
| Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Governor of New York, Vice President |
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Term
| Twenty years after the adoption of the Constitution, Congress banned |
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Definition
| the importation of slaves to the United States |
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Term
| "No matter how often you fail, keep on. But if you wish to get rich quickly, then bleed the public and talk patriotism. This may involve bribing public officials and dodging public burdens, the losing of your manhood and the soiling of your fingers, but that is the way most of the great fortunes are made in this country now." This was most likely the view of |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following was NOT a factor in the American decision to declare war on Great Britain in 1812? |
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Definition
| boundary disputes between Vermont and Ontario. |
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Term
| The United States during World War II adopted all of the following strategies EXCEPT |
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Definition
| use of atomic bombs on Japan and Germany |
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Term
| President Woodrow Wilson responded to the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 by |
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Definition
| demanding that the Germans stop using submarine warfare |
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Term
| Reconstruction legislation passed by Congress included all of the following EXCEPT the |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the decision by Congress to stop the coinage of silver |
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Term
| The amendments to the Constitution proposed by the Hartford Convention were intended to |
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Definition
| limit the power of the federal government |
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Term
| Factors in the European Age of Exploration(15th and 16th centuries) |
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Definition
importance of trade with Asia
need for new routes
improvements in maritime technology
rise of nation-states |
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Term
| 1487 Portuguese explorer rounds southern tip of Africa |
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Definition
|
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Term
| first to explore Western Hemisphere 1492 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| sea route to India by sailing around Africa in 1497 |
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Definition
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Term
| explores Newfoundland and Nova Scotia in 1497 |
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Definition
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Term
| explored the coast of South America in 1499. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Portugal's claim on Brazil in 1500 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| conquest of the Aztecs in 1519 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| circumnavigated the world in 1519 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| conquest of the Incas in 1531 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| explored St. Lawrence River in 1535 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Explored lower Mississippi River in 1539 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| explored the Southwest in 1540 |
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Definition
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Term
| First permanent English colony founded by Virginia Company in 1607 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Plymouth, Pennsylvania 1620 |
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Term
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Definition
| Massachusetts Bay, founded by Massachusetts Bay Company |
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Definition
| first proprietary colony; only Catholic colony founded by Lord Baltimore |
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Term
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Definition
| Founded by Roger Williams, characterized by religious toleration |
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Definition
| founded by Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
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Term
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Definition
| Founded by Sweden, under English rule from 1644 |
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Term
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Definition
| Proprietary colony, North and South given separate charters in the 18th century |
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Term
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Definition
| Founded by Duke of York, under Dutch control as New Amsterdam from 1621 to 1664 |
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Term
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Definition
| Founded by John Mason, royal charter in 1679 |
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Term
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Definition
| Founded by Berkely and Carteret, overshadowed by new York |
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Term
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Definition
| Founded by William Penn, proprietary colony; settled by Quakers |
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Term
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Definition
| Founded by James Oglethorpe as a buffer against Spanish Florida |
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Term
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Definition
| An interpretation of Puritan beliefs that stressed God's gift of salvation and minimized what an individual could do to gain salvation; identified with Anne Hutchinson. |
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Term
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Definition
| Under the English navigation Acts, those commodities that could be shipped only to England or other English colonies; originally included sugar, tobacco, cotton, and indigo. |
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Term
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Definition
| Religious revival movement during the 1730s and 1740s; its leaders were George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards; religious pluralism was promoted by the idea that all Protestant denominations were legitimate |
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Term
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Definition
| Settlement of over twenty thousand Puritans in Massachusetts Bay and other parts of New England between 1630 and 1642 |
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Term
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Definition
| In 1662, Puritans permitted the baptized children of church members into a "half way" membership in the congregation and allowed them to baptize their children; they still could not vote or take communion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Method of attracting settlers to Virginia; after 1618, it gave fifty acres of land to anyone who paid for their own passage or for that of any other settlers who might be sent or brought to the colony. |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals who sold their labor for a fixed number of years in return for passage to the colonies; indentured servants were usually young, unemployed men and could be sold |
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Term
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Definition
| The company sold shares of stock to finance the outfitting of overseas expeditions; colonies founded by joint stock companies included Jamestown (Virginia Company) and New Amsterdam (Dutch West India Company) |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic policy that held that the strength of a nation is based on the amount of gold and silver it has; also, that the country needs a favorable balance of trade and that colonies exist for the good of the mother country as a source of raw materials and a market for manufactured goods. |
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Term
| Non importation agreements |
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Definition
| A form of protest against British policies; colonial merchants refused to import British goods |
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Term
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Definition
| The British argument that the American colonies were represented in Parliament, since the members of Parliament represented all Englishmen in the empire |
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Term
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Definition
| Idea that concentrated power leads to corruption and tyranny; emphasis on balanced government where legislatures check the power of the executive |
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Term
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Definition
| general search warrants employed by Britain in an effort to prevent smuggling in the American colonies |
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Term
| "No taxation without representation" |
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Definition
| The assertion that Great Britain had no right to tax the American colonies as long as they did not have their own representation in the British parliament |
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Term
| Committees of Correspondence |
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Definition
| First established in Boston in 1772, the committees became a way for the colonies to state and communicate their grievances against Great Britain |
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Term
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Definition
| Term used by historians to define the United States during time period under Articles of Confederation |
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Term
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Definition
| British imposed tax directly on the colonies that was intended to raise revenue; the Stamp Act was the first attempt by Parliament to impose a direct tax on the colonies. |
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Term
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Definition
| A European intellectual movement that stressed the use of human reason. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure that raised revenue through the regulation of trade-the Sugar Act, for example. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as Tories, the term refers to those Americans who remained loyal to Great Britain during the Revolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Those rights that the Enlightenment (and Jefferson's Declaration) saw as inherent for all humans and that government is not justified in violating. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opposed to a strong central government; saw undemocratic tendencies in the Constitution and insisted on the inclusion of the Bill of Rights. Included Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and Patrick Henry. |
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Term
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Definition
| System embodied in the Constitution through which the power of each branch of government is limited by the other; the President's authority to veto legislation and Congress's power to override that veto are examples. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea advanced by Rousseau, Locke, and Jefferson, that government is created by voluntary agreement among the people involved and that revolution is justified if government breaks the compact by exceeding its authority. |
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Term
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Definition
| A political system in which the central government is relatively weak and member states retain considerable sovereignty |
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Term
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Definition
| Powers specifically given to Congress in the Constitution; including the power to collect taxes, coin money, regulate foreign and interstate commerce, and declare war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Political groups that agree on objectives and policies; the origins of political parties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Constitution is broadly interpreted, recognizing that it could not possibly anticipate all future necessary adaptations and changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The structure of the government provided for in the Constitution where authority is divided between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches; idea comes from Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws |
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Term
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Definition
| According to the compact theory of the Union the states retained all powers not specifically delegated to the central government by the Constitution. |
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Term
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Definition
| The principle that the national government is legally granted only those powers specifically delegated in the Constitution. Ron Paul would be an example of a "Strict Constructionist" |
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Term
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Definition
| A tax on imports (also referred to as a "duty") taxes on exports are banned by the Constitution. A "protective" tariff has rates high enough to discourage imports. |
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Term
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) |
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Definition
| First time an act of Congress is declared unconstitutional; established the principle of judicial review |
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Term
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Definition
| First time a state law is declared unconstitutional; contract clause of the Constitution overrode state law. |
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Term
| Dartmouth College v Woodward (1819) |
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Definition
| The charter of a private corporation is protected under the Constitution. |
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Term
| McColluch v. Maryland (1819) |
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Definition
| Upheld constitutionality of the Bank of the United States; example of loose construction of the constitution (favored by the Federalists) |
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Term
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Definition
| Affirmed federal control of interstate commerce under commerce clause of the Constitution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for an national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the claim from the supporters of Andrew Jackson that John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay had worked out a deal to ensure that Adams was elected President by the House of Representatives in 1824. |
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Term
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Definition
| An attempt to withhold good from export in order to influence the policies of the former purchasers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the period after the War of 1812 during the Presidency of James Monroe, when competition among political parties was at a low ebb. |
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Term
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Definition
| British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them into the British navy; a factor in the War of 1812 |
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Term
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Definition
| Included roads, canals, railroads; essentially, an internal transportation network that would bind the country together. |
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Term
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Definition
| The right of the Supreme Court to declare a law passed by Congress unconstitutional; the principle was established in Marbury v. Madison, but was original sketched out in Hamilton's essay #78 in The Federalist Papers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Informal group of friends who advised Jackson during his administration. Jackson believed the "official" Cabinet's main function was to carry out his orders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compromise worked out by Henry Clay in 1820' slavery would be prohibited in the Louisiana territory north of 36 30 Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state, Maine would enter the Union as a free state. |
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Term
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Definition
| a United States policy that sought to insulate the Western Hemisphere from European intervention. |
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Term
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Definition
| The theory advanced by John Calhoun in response to the Tariff of 1828 (the Tariff of Abominations); states, acting through a popular convention, could declare a law passed by Congress null and void the roots of the idea go back to Jefferson and Madison's compact theory of government and are originally spelled out in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States; the practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States; the practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836. |
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Term
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Definition
| Essentially, political patronage; public offices went to political supporters during Jackson's presidency. |
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Term
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Definition
| Those nationalist members of Congress who strongly supported war with Great Britain on the eve of the War of 1812; included Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun |
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Term
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Definition
| A national political coalition formed to oppose the Jacksonian Democrats |
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Term
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Definition
economic issue-industrial North vs. agricultural South
immigration vs nativism |
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Term
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Definition
Texas independence and the issue of annexation
election of James Polk-Texas and Oregon as issues
acquisition of Oregon
war with Mexico-Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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Term
| Intellectual and cultural trends |
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Definition
| rise of an American literature and major writers, major reform movements such as abolitionists, temperance, women's rights, so-called utopian communities. |
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Term
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Definition
| American expression of the Romantic movement that emphasized the limits of reason, individual freedom, and nature; best represented by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, the author of Walden and Civil Disobedience. |
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Term
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Definition
| The virtual civil war that erupted in Kansas in 1856 between pro-slavery and free soilers as a consequence of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. |
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Term
| "Fifty-four forty or fight" |
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Definition
| Political slogan of the Democrats in the election of 1844, which claimed fifty four degrees, forty minutes as the boundary of the Oregon territory claimed by the United States. The Treaty of 1846 with Great Britain set the boundary at the forty ninth parallel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Passed by state legislatures in 1865 1866; granted former slaves right to marry, sue, testify in court, and hold property but with significant qualifications |
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Term
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Definition
| Slave states-Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri that remained loyal to the Union; the secession of these states would have considerably strengthened the South. |
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Term
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Definition
| Derogatory term for Northern Republicans who were involved in Southern politics during Radical Reconstruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rutherford B. Hayes and other Republicans agreed that U.S. Troops would be withdrawn from the South, agreed to appoint a Southerner to the Cabinet, and pledged federal projects to the South in return for an end to Democratic opposition to official counting of the electoral votes for the disputed election of 1876. |
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Term
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Definition
| Northern Democrats, also known as Peace Democrats, who opposed Lincoln's war policies and were concerned with the growth of presidential power. In the election of 1864, General George McClellan was nominated by the Democrats with their support. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mob violence opposing conscription laws during the Civil War; the most violent occurred in NYC in July, 1863 |
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Term
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Definition
| Supreme Court decision involving presidential war powers; civilians could not be tried in military courts in wartime when the federal courts were functioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Agency created by Congress as the war ended to assist Civil War refugees and freed former slaves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wooden ships with metal armor that were employed by both sides during the Civil War. |
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Term
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Definition
| The railroad practice to charge higher rates on lines where there was no competition than on routes where several lines were operating. This often meant that the cost of shipping goods a short distance was greater than over a long distance. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vote gathering organization of politicians who loyally support a party boss and get the votes in their neighborhoods to support their party's candidates by fulfilling needs and providing services to constituents. Corrupt process, example: Boss Tweed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Religious response to the problems created by industrialization and urbanization in the late nineteenth century; supporters of the Social Gospel supported child labor laws civil service reform, and control of the trusts. |
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Term
| Stalwarts and Half Breeds |
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Definition
| Factions in the Republican party that emerged by 1880; the Stalwarts, led by Senator Roscoe Conkling, supported the spoils system, while the Half Breeds claimed to represent the idea of civil service reform. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of business organization in which a group of corporations in the same industry gave their stock in the individual companies to a board of trustees in return for stock certificates that earned dividends. The trust effectively eliminated competition by giving control to the board. The earliest example is the Standard Oil trust that controlled ninety percent of the oil refineries and pipelines. |
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Term
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Definition
| The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the frontier was the key factor in the development of American democracy and institutions; he maintained that the frontier served as a "safety valve" during periods of economic crisis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Through the Coinage Act of 1873, the United States ended the minting of silver dollars and placed the country on the gold standard. This was attacked by those who supported an inflationary monetary policy, particularly farmers, and believed in the unlimited coinage of silver. |
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Term
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Definition
| President Taft's policy of promoting U.S. interests overseas by encouraging American business to invest in foreign countries, particularly in the Caribbean and Central America. |
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Term
| Presidential Reconstruction |
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Definition
| Put forward by Andrew Johnson, it included repeal of ordinances of secession, repudiation of Confederate debts, and ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment. By the end of 1865, only Texas had failed to meet these terms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provided for dividing states into military districts with military commanders to oversee voter registration that included adult African-American males for state conventions; state conventions to draft constitutions that provided for suffrage for black men; state legislatures to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Term used to describe Southern white Republicans who had opposed secession. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common form of farming for freed slaves in the South; received a small plot of land, seed, fertilizer, tools from the landlord who decided what and how much should be planted; landlord usually took half of the harvest. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction provided that new state government could be established in the South when ten percent of the qualified voters in 1860 took an oath of loyalty. |
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Term
| The Gilded Age: Things to Know |
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Definition
Developments in the West and South: successive frontiers mining frontier and cattle kingdom
relations with native Americans and development of federal policy
status of African Americans-rise of segregation and African-American response, i.e. W.E.B. Du Bois vs. Booker T. Washington.
United States as industrial power, advances in technology and rise of new inustries-oil and steel, development of new forms of business organization, regulation of business, labor unions, labor disputes...railroad strikes, Haymarket Square riot, Homestead steel strike, Pullman railroad Strike
La Grange, farmers alliances, greenbacks vs. silver, rise of Populist party.
Party positions and issues in presidential elections 1876-1896 |
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Term
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Definition
| A section of a city occupied by members of a minority group who live there because of economic or social pressure (poverty) |
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Term
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Definition
| The Supreme Court cases (1901-1903) that dealt with the constitutional rights in the newly acquired overseas territories. The Court ruled that the Constitution did not necessarily follow the flag, and therefore Congress was to determine how to administer the territories. |
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Term
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Definition
| Senators opposed to ratification of the Treaty of Versailles on any grounds; lead by isolationists William Borah, Hiram Johnson, and Robert la Follette. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of investigative reporters who pointed out the abuses of big business and the corruption of urban politics; included Frank Norris (The Octopus) Ida Tarbell (A History of the Standard Oil Company) Lincoln Steffens (The Shame of the Cities) and Upton Sinclair (The Jungle). |
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Term
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Definition
| Program that Theodore Roosevelt ran on in the elction of 1912; large corporations had to be controlled and regulated by a strong President and the federal government that would protect the rights of women, labor, and children. |
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Term
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Definition
| Woodrow Wilson's program put forward during the election of 1912; business competition could be restored by breaking up the trusts, but Wilson did not believe in having the federal government control the economy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A payment required for voting in some states, used a a tactic to keep blacks and poor whites from exercising their right to vote. |
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Term
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Definition
| Heightened concern, after WWI, in the US about communism and fear that it would spread. Especially after the passage of the Espionage Act of 1917, the Sabotage Act of 1918, and the Sedition Act of 1918. |
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Term
| Referendum, recall, direct primary |
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Definition
| Ways in which the Progressives hoped to bring about direct democracy; referendum gives the voters the right to accept or reject a piece of legislation; recall is a mechanism for removing an officeholder before the end of his or her term; direct primary allows the voters rather than the political bosses to nominate a party's candidate for office. |
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Term
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Definition
| Members of the Senate who were ready to ratify the Treaty of Versailles with modifications; the group is often divided into the "mild" Reservationists, who wanted only minor changes, and the "strong" Reservationists, who favored the significant changes advocated by Henry Cabot Lodge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the trial of two italian immigrants, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, both confessed anarchists, for murder in 1920. Both men were found guilty and died in the electric chair in 1923, though their trial was a showcase for American bigotry and the evidence was scarce and improperly used. |
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Term
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Definition
| The late nineteenth-century belief that it was the destiny of the US to expand beyond its continental borders. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the allied leaders at the Paris Peace Conference: Wilson (USA) Georges Clemenceau (France) David Lloyd George (Great Britain) and Vittorio Orlando (Italy) |
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Term
| The Great Ice Age accounted for the origins of North America's human history because |
|
Definition
| it exposed a land bridge connecting Eurasia with North America. |
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Term
| Which of the following best describes the settlement pattern of the native peoples of North America prior to 1492? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Men in the more settled agricultural groups in North America performed all of the following tasks except |
|
Definition
| tending crops. Women tended the crops. |
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Term
| The Iroquois Confederacy retained its power throughout the colonial era because of |
|
Definition
| its military alliances, sustained by political and organizational skills. |
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Term
| The 54 million people who lived in the Americas prior to European contact |
|
Definition
| had split into countless tribes |
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Term
| Which of the following helped the Pueblo peoples of the Rio Grande valley improve yields of their cornfields |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Columbus called the native people in the New World Indians because |
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Definition
| he believed that he had skirted the rim of the "Indies" |
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Term
| Before the middle of the fifteenth century, sub-Saharan Africa had remained remote and mysterious to Europeans because |
|
Definition
| sea travel down the African coast had been virtually impossible |
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Term
| One of the main factors that enabled Europeans to conquer native North Americans with relative ease was the |
|
Definition
| diseases that wiped out large populations |
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Term
| Identify the statement that is false |
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Definition
| Lack of any technological advancements made ocean voyages no safer or certain. The caravel was one of several developments that advanced oceanic travel in the 1400s. |
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Term
| What motivated England's involvement with colonization |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The early voyages of the Scandinavian seafarers did not result in permanent settlement in North America because |
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Definition
| no nation state that yearned to expand supported these ventures. |
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Term
| Spain was united into a single nation state when |
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Definition
| Ferdinand and Isabella married and the African moors were expelled. |
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Term
| Which of the following did not contribute to a cataclysmic shift in the course of history? |
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Definition
| The Spanish monarchs learned of the tenth century voyages of the Scandinavian seafarers. |
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Term
| All of the following set into motion the chain of events that led to a drive of Europeans toward Asia, the penetration of Africa, and the discovery of the New World except |
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Definition
| economic hardships and overpopulation at home |
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Term
| All of the following contributed to the emergence of a new interdependent global economic system except |
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Definition
| the belief of European explorers that they could create new cultures. They sought to profit from their voyages; they did not seek to create new cultures. |
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Term
| The flood of precious metal from the New World to Europe resulted in |
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Definition
| the growth of capitalism. The ballooning money supply from the New World metals fed the emergence of the capitalist economic system. |
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Term
| The introduction of American plants around the world resulted in |
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Definition
| rapid population growth in Europe |
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Term
| Which of the following New World plants revolutionized the international economy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| During the 1500s, where did Europeans in the Americas force most of their slaves to work |
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Definition
| sugar plantations and silver mines |
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Term
| As part of the Colombian Exchange, what was the primary export from Africa to the New World? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which group was responsible for slave trading in Africa long before the Europeans had arrived? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In the last half of the fifteenth century, some forty thousand Africans were forced into slavery by Portugal and Spain to |
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Definition
| work on plantations on the Atlantic sugar islands |
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Term
| What was the dominant language of the Aztec empire? |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary difference between slaves in the Chesapeake region and the Lower South was |
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Definition
| Work in the Chesapeake region utilized the task system. |
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Term
| Henry VIII aided the entrance of Protestant beliefs into England when he |
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Definition
| broke England's ties with the Roman Catholic Church. |
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Term
| On the eve of its colonizing adventure, England possessed |
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Definition
| a unified national state under the rule of Queen Elizabeth |
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Term
| Which group in the mainland colonies was the wealthiest? |
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Definition
| South Carolina plantation owners |
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Term
| When the English gained control over New Netherland |
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Definition
| the autocratic spirit survived |
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Term
| When the British Parliament passed the Molasses Act in 1733, it intended the act to |
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Definition
| inhibit colonial trade with the French West indies |
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Term
| In contrast to the seventeenth century, by 1775, most colonial Americans |
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Definition
| had become more stratified into social classes and had less social mobility. |
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Term
| By 1775, most governors of American colonies were |
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Definition
|
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Term
| English officials tried to establish the Church of England in as many colonies as possible because |
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Definition
| the church would act as a major prop for royal authority. |
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Term
| By 1775, the _______ were the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America |
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Definition
|
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Term
| As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial America during the eighteenth century |
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Definition
| a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country |
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Term
| The New Light preachers of the Great Awakening |
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Definition
| delivered intensely emotional sermons |
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Term
| The riches created by the growing slave population in the American South |
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Definition
| were not distributed evenly among whites |
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Term
| On the eve of the American Revolution, social and economic mobility decreased, partly because |
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Definition
| some merchants made huge profits as military suppliers |
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Term
| The most successful colonial governors |
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Definition
| used their appointive powers and control of land grants to win allies in colonial legislatures |
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Term
| An armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker oligarchy's lenient policy toward the Indians was known as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Colonial legislatures were often able to bend the power of the governors to their will because |
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Definition
| colonial legislatures controlled taxes and expenditures that paid the governors' salaries |
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Term
| When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists |
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Definition
| suspected that it was a trick to get them to violate their principle of "No taxation without representation" |
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Term
| France had to give up its vision of a North American New France when |
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Definition
| it was defeated by the British in 1713 and 1763 in Queen Anne's War and the French and Indian War |
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Term
| The colonists' invasion of Canada in 1775 |
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Definition
| contradicted the American claim that they were only fighting defensively |
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Term
| The long range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to |
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Definition
| achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat. |
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Term
| During the Revolution, the frontier saw much fighting, which |
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Definition
| failed to stem the tide of westward moving pioneers |
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Term
| Benjamin Franklin's plan for colonial home rule was rejected by the individual colonies because |
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Definition
| it did not seem to give enough independence to the colonies |
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Term
| In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763 |
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Definition
| American colonists moved west, defying the Proclamation |
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Term
| As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne |
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Definition
| the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack |
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Term
| Virtual representation meant that |
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Definition
| every member of Parliament represented all British subjects |
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Term
| Britain gave America generous terms in the Treaty of Paris because British leaders |
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Definition
| were trying to persuade America to abandon its alliance with France |
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Term
| After the British defeat at Yorktown |
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Definition
| the fighting continued for more than a year |
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Term
| The most drastic measure of the Intolerable Acts was the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts |
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Definition
| British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order |
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Term
| The most important contribution of the seagoing privateers during the Revolutionary War was that they |
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Definition
| captured hundreds of British merchant ships |
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Term
| In late 1776 and early 1777, George Washington helped restore confidence in America's military by |
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Definition
| defeating the Hessians at Trenton and the British at Princeton |
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Term
| It was highly significant to the course of future events that |
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Definition
| economic democracy preceded political democracy in the United States |
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Term
| Continental army officers attempting to form the Society of the Cincinnati |
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Definition
| were ridiculed for their lordy pretensions |
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Term
| The most important outcome of the Revolution for white women was that they |
|
Definition
| were elevated as special keepers of the nation's conscience. |
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Term
| A major strength of the Articles of Confederation was its |
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Definition
| presentation of the ideal of a united nation. |
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Term
| The Articles of Confederation left Congress unable to |
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Definition
| enforce a tax collection program |
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Term
| The idea that all tax measures should start in the House was made to appease |
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Definition
| the big states with the most people |
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Term
| The delegate whose contributions to the Philadelphia Convention were so notable that he has been called the Father of the Constitution was |
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Definition
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