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| Bank tightened loan policies depression rose throughout the country, hurt western farmers greatly |
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| "corrupt bargain," Henry Clay made a deal with John Quincy to get people to vote for JQ if JQ would make him part of cabinet |
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| under JQ Adams, protectionist tariff, South considered it the source of economic problems, made Jackson appear to advocate free trade |
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| focused on the "Common Man;" removal of Indians, removal of federal deposits in the Bank of the US, annexation of territory, liberal use of veto |
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| Transportation Revolution |
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| river traffic, roadbuilding, canals (esp. Erie), rise of NYC |
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| goods able to be transferred from New York to New Orleans by inland waterways |
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| part of transportation revolution, from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, West Virginia, toll road network; stimulated Western expansion |
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| Jackson was allowed to relocate Indian tribes in the Louisiana Territory |
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| Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, CHickasaws, and Seminoles; "civilized" due to their intermarriage with whites and ownership of slaves, forced out of their homelands by expansion |
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| Cherokee tribe forced to move from southern Appalachians to reservations in current-day Oklahoma, high death toll |
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| Cherokee Nation v. Georgia |
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Definition
| first attempt of Cherokees to gain complete sovereign rule over their nation |
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| Georgia cannot enforce American laws on Indian tribes |
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| "rotation in office," Jakcson felt that one should spend a single term in office and return to private citizenship, those who held power too long would become corrupt and political appointments made by new officials were essential for democracy |
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| Jackson used personal friends as unofficial advisors over his official cabinet |
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| young women employed by Lowell's textile company, housed in dormitories |
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| allowed for faster processing of cotton, invented by Eli Whitney, less need for slaves |
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| Nullification Controversy |
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| southern states (especially South Carolina) believed that they had the right to judge federal laws unconstitutional and therefore not enforce them |
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| South Carolina Exposition and Protest |
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| written by Calhoun, regarding tariff nullification |
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Term
| Bank of the United States |
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Definition
| destroyed by Jackson on the grounds that it was unconstitutional and too much power for a federal institution |
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| small state banks set up by Jackson to keep federal funds out of the National Bank, used until funds were consolidated into a single treasury |
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| Independent Treasury Bill |
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| government would hold its revenues rather than deposit them in banks, thus keeping funds away from private corporations; "America's Second Declaration of Independence" |
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| Government would not accept specie for government land |
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| vetoed by Jackson on the count that government funds of the Maysville Road would only benefit one state |
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| supported abolition, broke off of Anti-Slavery Society |
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| believed in expanding federal power on economy, encouraged industrial development; could only gain power on the local level, led by Henry Clay (anti-Jackson) |
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| Marshall Court (all cases) |
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| McChulloch v. Maryland (loose Constitutional interpretation, constitutionality of the National Bank, states cannot control government agencies), Gibbons v. Ogden (interstate commerce controlled by Congress), Fletcher v. Peck (valid contract cannot be broken, state law voided,) Dartmouth College v. Woodward (charter cannot be altered without both parties consent.) |
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| religious movements, traveling "meetings," rise of Baptist and Methodist minstries; Charles G Finney |
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| heavily evangelized to the point there were no more people left to convert to other religions, upstate New York, home to the beginning of Smith's Mormonism movement |
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| worked to reform the American education system, abolitionist, prison/ asylum reformer with Dorothea DIx |
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| runaway slave, well-known speaker on the condition of slavery, worked with Garrison and Wendell Phillips, founder of The North Star |
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| Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 |
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| for women's rights, organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, modeled requests after the Declaration of Independence |
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| organized Seneca Falls Convention, founded (with Susan B. Anthony) National Women Suffrage Organization |
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| Angelina and Sarah Grimké |
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| fought for women's rights and abolition, "Men and women are CREATED EQUAL!" |
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| worked towards improving asylums for the mentally insane, worked with Horace Mann |
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| John Humphrey Noyes/ Oneida Community |
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| John Noyes, New York; utopian society for communalism, perfectionism, and complex marriage |
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| first Utopian society, by Robert Owen |
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| American landscape painting rather than Classical subjects |
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| founded by Emerson, strong emphasis on spiritua unity (God, humanity, and nature), literature with strong references to nature |
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| founded by Emerson, strong emphasis on spiritua unity (GOd, humanity, and nature), literature with strong references to nature |
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| in Brook Farm Community, literary nationalist, transcendentalist, (nascent ideas of God and freedom), wrote "The American Scholar" |
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| Henry David Thoreau (Walden and On Civil Disobedience) |
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| in Brook Farm Community, lived in seclusion for two years writing Walden, proved that man could provide for himself without materialistic wants |
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