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| The ruling member of a Bedouin tribe was called the |
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| was a large black rock that was housed in a central shrine in Mecca, and worshiped by allpre Islamic Arabs. |
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| was derived from the revelations of Muhammad. |
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| a practice which grew out of the Bedouin practice of conducting tribal raids |
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| According to Islamic belief |
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| Allah sent not his first but his final message through Muhammad. |
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| In addition to being Islam’s sacred book, the Koran |
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| is a collection of 114 suras (chapters) that provide the ethical foundation for life. |
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| were, respectively, a collection of Muhammad’s sayings and a law code. |
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| The son in law and cousin of Muhammad who was murdered after he became caliph was |
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| The theoretical purpose of the jihad was to |
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| strive in the way of the Lord. |
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| All of the following were true about the spread of Arab control except |
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| if an individual chose not to become a Muslim, he still had to participate in mandatory military service |
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| widely accepted for many years after he announced his religious revelations |
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| Under the Umayyad Dynasty |
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| the Islamic Arab empire expanded enormously. |
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| The caliphate that is often described as the Abbasid “Golden Age” was the reign of |
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| The term and position of caliph (khalifa) referred to |
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| the individual who was the temporal successor of Muhammad and who also was generally considered to be an imam. |
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| The term and position of caliph (khalifa) referred to |
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| the individual who was the temporal successor of Muhammad and who also was generally considered to be an imam. |
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| The Seljuk Turks provoked |
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| the Byzantine request for European aid that led to the Crusades |
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| in part, to power shifts stemming from the weakening of the Byzantine Empire after the rise of the Seljuk Turks. |
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| Which of the following is not a true statement about the Mongols? |
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| Their westward advance continued on to absorb the Cordova caliphate in Spain |
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| were unable to capture Cairo, due to the effective resistance of the Mamluks. |
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