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| scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
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| scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
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| Fundamental attribution error |
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| tendency for observers to underestimate situation and overestimate personal disposition when analyzing others |
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| Foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
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| tendency for people who agree to a small action later comply with a larger one |
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| Zimbardo assigned roles of prisoner or guard to volunteers. roles became very real to volunteers, guards became abusive and prisoners broke down or rebelled. ended after 6 days |
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| subjects were asked to judge line length (finding which are the same) while in a room of other group members. group members were asked to say wrong line. More likely to conform when saying answer out loud |
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| the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when our thoughts are inconsistent. |
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| if one is good at something, the will perform it better in front of others. if one is bad at something, then they will perform it worse |
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| a bystander will be less likely to help when there are more people around |
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| Conducted by milgram. when ordered by a person with higher authority, most people will administer highest shock to a subject for a wrong answer |
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| i knew it all along phenomenon |
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| tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate accuracy of one's beliefs or judgements |
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| tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors |
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| repeating a study to see whether outcome is same for other participants and circumstances |
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| reaction between variables. positive correlation is both variables go the same way, negative goes opposite |
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| how you define and measure variable |
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| investigator manipulates factors to observe effect |
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| median is better when there are outliers that skew data |
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| tells average deviation from mean. large deviation is significant, small is not |
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| the bushy branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
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| extension of a neuron ending in branching terminal fibers. messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands |
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| fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of some neurons. speeds up transmission speed |
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| neural impulse; negative and positive ions switch locations. either fires or doesnt |
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| chemical messengers that bind to receptor sites to activate a neuron |
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| electrochemical communication network |
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| central nervous system neurons that internally communicate and intervene between sensory inputs and motor out puts |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| sensory motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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| division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body. fear/ danger, adrenaline shuts down digestion. fight or flight |
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| chemicals released by glands in the blood, endocrine system |
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| cutting out a damaged part of the brain |
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| Brain regions (and functions) |
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-old brain
-limbic system (emotional)
-cerebral cortex(advanced processes) |
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| controls voluntary movement, in back of the frontal lobe |
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| uncommitted areas of the brain; mostly memory |
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| brain will attempt to repair parts when damaged, easier when younger |
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| connects the halves of the brain |
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| stimulates energy through 5 senses; bottom up processing |
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| select, encode, interpret; top bottom processing |
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| ability to change absolute threshold, detection point can be dependent on some factors |
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| stimulation below one's threshold for conscious awareness |
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| bigger the stimulus, the bigger the change needed |
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| diminished sensitivity as a result of constant stimulation |
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| longest wave is red, shortest is violet (in humans) |
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| amplitude; lightness or darkness |
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| eye's lens changes to focus near or far objects on the retina |
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| colored part of pupil, controls size and opening/closing of pupil |
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| ganglion cells in a cable to thalamus |
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| opposing colors enable color vision. (white-black, red-green, yellow-blue) |
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| interaction between 2 senses, taste and smell interact the most |
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| can only pay attention to a few out of thousands of stimuli at a time |
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| failing to see objects visible when our attention is directed elsewhere |
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| grouping of objects close together |
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| test to observe if infants have depth perception |
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| closer you are, the better you can see texture |
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| blinky lights at the movie! they look like they are moving but they're really just alternating |
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| can adapt to vision change |
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| how past experiences determine perception |
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| how surroundings effect perception |
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| perception without stimulation |
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| rapid eye movement. dreaming stage, approx 90min till first. beta waves, paralyzed, becomes longer throughout more sleep cycles |
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| no control over when you sleep |
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| memories or suggestions from hypnotist can be either fact or fiction |
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| requires user to take more of a drug for the same effect with continuous use, exception of marijuana |
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| behavior is strengthened or diminished |
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| reappearance of a extinguished conditioned response after a rest period |
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| tendency for similar stimuli to elicit similar responses |
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| learned ability to distinguish between similar stimuli |
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| easier to associate condition with life needed stuff |
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| shaping with pidgeons, successive approximations |
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| reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer apprximations |
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| learning that occurs but is not known until there is an incentive to demonstrate it |
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| learning by observing others |
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| adding information into the memory |
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| retrieving information from the memory |
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| memories that are stored of a long term |
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| gibberish memory experiment |
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| retain info better when rehersal is spaced out |
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| organizing information into familiar manageable units |
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| momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli |
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| memory that briefly stores a few few pieces of information until that information is stored or forgotten |
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| activation of associations predesposing one's memory |
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| disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of the old information |
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