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VERB: to have an influence on or create a change in; to pretend to have or feel something; to use, wear, or assume something pretentiously or so as to make an impression on others (e.g. an American affecting a British accent)
NOUN: feeling or emotion, esp. as shown by facial expression or body language |
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| a state of paralyzing dismay |
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| a person easily deceived; to deceive/fool |
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| wisdom (deep or mature understanding)/ something profound or difficult to understand/ a very deep place |
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| marked with different colors; diversified (characterized by variety). |
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| a likeness drawn between dissimilar objects/ideas, often used to clarify an abstract or complicated concept with a more concrete one |
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| likeness, correspondence, or similarity in aspect, course, or tendency; GRAMMATICAL MEANING: the use of identical syntactic constructions in corresponding phrases or clauses. |
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| the art of effective expression and the persuasive use of language; the study of the elements, as structure or style, used in writing and speaking; pretentious or affected language. |
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| the study of rules for forming grammatical sentences; the pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language; the study of patterns in sentence formation in particular sentences or texts |
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| to complete/perfect; supreme |
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| showing deep sincerity/ something done in advance as a pledge |
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| to disentangle from a difficulty |
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| arrogantly overbearing/urgent |
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| able to be shaped and influenced |
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| to move back and forth/ to vary between opposites |
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| a prediction/indicative of the future |
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| the entire range of something; colored bands of light (ex: the rainbow) |
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| a brief story or amusing incident |
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| the choice and use of words and phrases in writing or speech; diction can be categorized (formal, informal, poetic, etc.) and described in an analysis of style or rhetorical choices |
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| to show by example; to offer examples of an idea as support for an argument |
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| to flee secretly and hide |
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| having low morals/of inferior quality |
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| an unfounded or false, deliberately misleading story |
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| false or counterfeit; appearing similar but functioning differently |
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| the sequential repetition of a similar initial consonant sound |
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| the regular repetition of the same words or phrases at the beginning of successive phrases or clauses |
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| a kind of writing that emphasizes facts and reality. Objective writing emphasizes the details of the topic and comes across as true, informational, or unbiased. Factual journalism, science reports, directions, and logic-based arguments in which the writer downplays personal feelings are all examples of objective writing. |
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| a kind of writing that emphasizes the writer's/speaker's view of the topic rather than the details of the topic itself. Subjective writing more easily reveals the writer's biases, opinions, and interpretations. Editorial articles, columns in newspapers, blogs, personal essays, and arguments that appeal to emotion are all examples of subjective writing. |
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| sour, bitter-tasting; pertaining to a bitter temperament |
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| having the same tastes, habits, or temperament; sympathetic; of a pleasant disposition; friendly and sociable |
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| submission or courteous yielding to the wishes, opinion, or decision of another |
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| to instruct in an uplifting manner |
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| unappeasable; uncompromising |
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| excessively excited or nervous |
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| to make favorably inclined; to ease the anger of (ex: by appeasement) |
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| inferior to; under someone else's control; to make someone subservient |
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| a literary, historical, religious, or mythological reference made in a text. An author who makes an allusion assumes that the reader/audience is already familiar with the reference. |
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| a grammatical term referring to a structural element of a sentence that contains a subject and a predicate |
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| independent clause/main clause |
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| a clause that may stand on its own and make sense as a complete sentence |
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| dependent clause/subordinate clause |
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| a clause that cannot make sense on its own; typically, it is joined to an independent clause with a subordinating conjunction (ex: although, because, while, if, when, as) |
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| to misrepresent/ to prove false/ to leave unfulfilled |
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| a look of approval or support/ composure/ appearance (esp. the expression on someone's face) |
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| audacity (excessive self-confidence) |
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| done or achieved with little effort or difficulty; easy/ working, acting, or speaking effortlessly, fluent/ arrived at without due care, effort, or examination; superficial |
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| someone who demands strict obedience |
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| an unbranded cow/ someone who takes an independent stand |
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| a gesture or movement of the body, such as a curtsy, expressing deference or homage; an attitude of deference or homage |
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| physically painful/ keenly distressing to the mind/ appealing to the emotions, touching/ piercing, incisive (e.g. poignant criticism) |
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| to put forward for consideration |
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| to annoy or cause concern; to baffle; to talk about at length |
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| the suggested or implied or underlying meaning of a word or phrase; the opposite of denotation |
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| the dictionary definition of a word; the literal meaning of a word; the opposite of connotation |
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| the background and events that lead to the presentation of the main idea or purpose of an essay or other work, setting forth the meaning or purpose of a piece of writing or discourse; exposition can also refer to expository writing: this would be informative writing set up to compare/contrast, explore cause and effect, and explain a process. |
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| having or suggesting sharp mental perception/ direct and effective, telling (incisive comments) |
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| difficult to manage or govern; stubborn/difficult to mold or manipulate/ difficult to alleviate, remedy, or cure (intractable pain) |
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| effusively or tearfully sentimental, overly sentimental |
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| to take an indirect course/ to wander aimlessly |
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| agreeable to one's sense of taste (ex: a palatable solution to the problem) |
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| to criticize or view harshly/ to move slowly from one side to another |
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| appearing to be ordinary and dull |
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| characteristically hesitant or disinclined to speak out; reserved/ restrained or reserved in style |
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| scornfully mocking and derisive |
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| a restrict to a small amount; a restriction; a period of time spent doing something |
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| mode of discourse/mode/rhetorical mode |
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| a general term that identifies discourse according to its chief purpose and way of presenting information. The Greeks believed that there were only four modes of discourse: narration, description, exposition, and argumentation; contemporary thought often includes other modes, such as personal observation and reflection. |
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| more than one independent clause joined by a conjunction, :, or ;. |
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| at least one dependent clause and one independent clause joined by a subordinating conjunction. |
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| compound-complex sentence |
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| at least one dependent clause and at lease two independent clauses. |
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| the attitude the narrator/writer/speaker takes toward a subject and the theme of the text; the tenor of a piece of writing based on particular stylistic devices employed by the writer. The tone is a characteristic emotion that pervades a work or a portion of work- the spirit or quality that is the work's emotional essence. |
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| to stick to something/ to give allegiance or support |
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| to draw out (esp. a response) |
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| foolish/complacently or foolishly stupid |
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| undeveloped/unorganized (such as thoughts) |
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| an authority on the subject |
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| having or emitting fragrance; aromatic/suggestive; reminiscent |
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| thick and not easily poured |
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| the word replaced by a pronoun; the word to which a pronoun refers |
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| loose sentence/ cumulative sentence |
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| a long sentence that starts with its main clause, which is followed by several subordinate phrases or clauses. For example : The child ran, frenzied and ignoring all hazards, as if being chased by demons. |
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| a long sentence in which the main clause's meaning is not completed until the end. For example: The child, frenzied and ignoring all hazards, looking as if she were being chased by demons, ran. |
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| skillful (esp. under adverse conditions) |
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| lacking purpose or vitality; ineffective/ careless; irresponsible |
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| passionate/ having or showing great emotion or warmth |
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| a bully/ to intimidate or dominate in a blustering way/ to behave like a bully; swagger |
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| inappropriate/ inconsistent/ lacking internal harmony |
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| a thoughtful sadness/ a gloomy atmosphere |
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| above all others in importance |
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| strictly controlled; constricted or tight; compelling or convincing |
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| characterized by loud and persistent shouting |
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| the mode of writing that tells a story; storytelling |
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| a method of development in which a writer sorts out concepts into categories |
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| the assertion of something as a fact; the proposition that an argument demonstrates; the main statement to be proven true or false in an argument. |
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| exhibiting mutually contradictory feelings or thoughts, such as love and hate, about some person, object, or idea/ uncertainty or indecisiveness as to which course of action to follow |
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| scarcity, lack/ shortage of food; famine |
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| decaying or declining, esp. in a society's art or morals/ overly self-indulgent or self-gratifying |
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| expressed or performed with emphasis; forceful and definite in expression or action |
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| characterized by erratic changeableness or instability, esp. in affections or attachments; capricious |
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| having a significant bearing upon the point at hand; pertinent |
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| to urge or instruct persistently; to teach or impress by urging or frequent repetition; instill |
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| to annul (esp. by judicial action)/ to suppress forcibly |
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| to block or impede or thwart; a situation that impedes someone |
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| the rhetorical opposition or contrast or juxtaposition of sharply contrasting ideas expressed in balanced or parallel words, phrases, grammatical structure, or ideas. For example: To err is human, to forgive, divine. Can be used more generically to mean opposite. |
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| the location of one thing adjacent to another to create an effect, reveal an attitude, or accomplish some other purpose; the act of placing or dealing with one concept/thing close to another for contrasting effect. |
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| irony or caustic wit used to attack or expose folly, vice, or stupidity (or a literary work that does so) |
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| a natural personal attraction to/ relationship by marriage/ an inherent similarity between things or species. (Followed by of, between, or with.) |
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| proper behavior (that conforms to prevailing customs) |
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| deep and extensive learning |
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| to damage or deface; a mark that blemishes |
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| lively/apt to change quickly |
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| worthy of reverence or respect by virtue of dignity, character, position, or age/ commanding respect or reverence, esp. by historical or religious association |
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| a change or variation/ the quality of being changeable; mutability; one of the sudden or unexpected changes or shifts often encountered in one's life, activities, or surroundings. |
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| an address or invocation to something inanimate (being personified by being spoken to) or to someone dead or absent. |
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| a noun, noun phrase, or noun clause that follows a noun or pronoun and renames or describe the noun or pronoun. It is set off by commas, or sometimes dashes when it is non-restrictive/not required for clarity or meaning in the sentence. Es: Ms Hussa's oldest sibling, David, helps gain charity sponsors for the Rock n' Roll Marathon. |
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| this is a grouping of a noun plus words (often a participial phrase) that modify the noun. This construction is used to modify another clause. can be used before, after, or in an interrupting position inside of the main clause. Es: He sleeps in his underground den, his tail draped over his nose. |
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| a restrained statement that departs from what could be said; a studied avoidance of emphasis or exaggeration, often to create a particular effect; the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is. |
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| to insult openly/ an insult or slight |
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| something or someone that one vehemently dislikes; a formal curse by a pope or council of the Church, excommunicating a person or denouncing a doctrine; a strong curse |
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| writing or speech intended to be instructive. it is often associated with a dry, pompous presentation, regardless of its innate value to the reader/listener. |
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| injurious or harmful in effect; adverse/ unfriendly, hostile |
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| wickedness, sinfuless/ a grossly immoral act; sin |
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| clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious/ to show or demonstrate plainly; reveal |
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| to prevent by anticipating/ to make unnecessary |
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| to defame, to denigrate (to belittle or to blacken the reputation of) |
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| the contrast between what is explicitly state and what is really meant. The intended meaning is often the opposite of what is state, often creating sarcasm. There are three major types of irony: verbal irony (when what the speaker says is actually the opposite of what is meant), situational irony (when events end up the opposite of what is expected), and dramatic irony (when facts/situations are known to the reader/audience but not to the characters). |
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| the contrast between what is explicitly state and what is really meant. The intended meaning is often the opposite of what is state, often creating sarcasm. There are three major types of irony: verbal irony (when what the speaker says is actually the opposite of what is meant), situational irony (when events end up the opposite of what is expected), and dramatic irony (when facts/situations are known to the reader/audience but not to the characters). |
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| an imitation of a work meant to ridicule its style and subject. |
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| a humorous play on words, using similar-sounding or identical words to suggest different meanings. |
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| a whole formed by combining several (typically disparate) elements; a material or structure formed from a loosely compacted mass of fragments or particles; formed or calculated by the combination of many separate units or items; total |
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| a support/ to support or encourage |
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| (of language) used in ordinary or familiar conversation, not formal or literary |
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| to abuse the sacredness of; to profane |
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| decomposition into fragments or parts; disintergration/excessive freedom and lack of restraint/ termination or extinction by deconcentration/ annulment of a formal legal bond, tie, or contract. |
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| based upon an observation or experiment (not theoretical) |
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| never failing, unable to fail |
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| the most central and material part/ the basic trait or set of traits that define and establish the character or something/ significance or importance |
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| difficult to manage; obstinate/ difficult to melt or work; resistant to heat/ not responsive to treatment (a refractory disease) |
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| three periods used together to indicate the omission of words in a thought or quotation. |
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| a sentence containing the deliberate omission of words. This construction typically depends upon a pattern of parallel elements within the sentence. Ex: May was hot and June the same. |
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| anything exhibiting a contradictory nature; an apparent contradiction that actually can also be seen as true |
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| to anticipate and take actions against (similar to obviate) |
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| openly straightforward, candid/ naive; without sophistication (opposite= disingenuous, which means sly/crafty) |
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| lacking energy or vitality; weak/ showing little or no spirit or animation/ lacking vigor or force; slow |
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| eager to fight; having a quarrelsome nature |
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to rebuke for a fault or misdeed; scold/ to find fault with
NOUN FORM= reproof: an act of reproving |
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| eagerness; cheerful willingness/ speed or quickness; celerity |
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| harsh sounds; jarring, discordant sounds/ harsh or unharmonious use of language as opposed to euphony |
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| to captivate (to inspire with love) |
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| To quote (a passage, book, or author) as evidence for or justification of an argument or statement, especially in a scholarly work; to mention as an example; to legally summon someone to appear in a court of law; to praise someone (typically a member of the armed forces) for a courageous act in an official dispatch |
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| to make a statement or assertion less absolute; to add reservations to; to modify; (grammatical meaning, of a word or phrase): to attribute a quality to another word, esp. a preceding noun. |
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| a poem or prose selection that laments or meditates on the passing or death of someone or something of value. Sometimes this text will end with words of consolation. |
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| a statement made under oath/ being deposed from power/ being deposited (ex: sediment) |
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| to cease doing something; forbear |
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| inclined to make trouble; unruly/ having a peevish nature; cranky |
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| existing in something as a permanent trait |
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| possessed at birth/ inherent (possessed as an essential characteristic) |
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| deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust; treachery (often used in adj. form: perfidious) |
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| to make oneself kneel or bow down in humility or adoration/ lying face down, as in submission or adoration |
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| to re-establish friendship between/ to settle or resolved, as a dispute/ to bring oneself to accept/ to make compatible or consistent |
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| authority/ appeal to authority/ citing an authority |
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| an argument or tactic within an argument in which the speaker claims expertise in a field or names another person as an expert (to establish credibility with the audience.) |
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| deduction/deductive reasoning |
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| the method of argument in which specific statements and conclusions are drawn from general principles: movement from the general to the specific. |
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| induction/inductive reasoning |
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| the method of argument in which general statements and conclusions are dram from specific principles: movement from the specific to the general (used esp. in scientific study). |
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| rebuttal, refutation (rebut, refute) |
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| an argument technique in which opposing arguments are anticipated and countered; to counter or contradict; (to deny the accuracy of; to disprove) |
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| selflessness; concern for the welfare of others, as opposed to egoism. |
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| spacious (able to contain a large quantity) |
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| to lose hope; to become disheartened |
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| to release from bondage/to bestow the rights of citizenship (esp. the right to vote) |
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| a mystery (arousing interest due to an unexplained nature) |
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| someone who hates mankind |
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| to make or become less severe |
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| extremely destructive or harmful (esp. of an evil nature) |
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| to take the place of, replace/ to cause to be set aside or replaced |
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| to request humbly (ex through prayer) |
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| a mode of writing intended to influence people's actions by engaging their beliefs and feelings |
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| the stated or unstate beliefs, opinions, agreements that are taken for granted in an argument or that form the basis of the argument. A reader has to agree that these are true in order to be swayed by the argument. |
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| syllogism/syllogistic reasoning |
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| A form of deductive reasoning in which given certain ideas or facts, other ideas or facts must follow. |
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| open to suggestion/accountable |
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| a distinct division into two parts |
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| isolated/possessing a narrow viewpoint (due to isolation) |
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| to protest, to say in protest, objection or reproof/ to make objections; argue against and action/to make a forcefully reproachful protest |
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| to exact, yield, or cause to become; to do a service for another |
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| the combining of parts to form a whole; the combination formed |
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| the basis of a persuasion, made up of data/facts and the reasoning behind the claim in an argument |
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| links the grounds/data of an argument to the claim. |
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| to criticize severely/to punish |
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| to make an emotional request, to plead |
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| brave, marked by resolute courage, fearless and bold |
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| to turn inwards/ a shy, reserved person |
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| to appease (to ease the anger of) |
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Term
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Definition
| to disown; to refuse to recognize or acknowledge; to deny or reject the validity of |
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Definition
| abnormal/having a contradiction |
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Definition
| a strong feeling of dislike |
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Definition
| corrosive/harshly sarcastic |
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Term
| fallacy/fallacious reasoning |
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Definition
| an incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, false information, or flawed logic |
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Definition
| an overstatement characterized by exaggerated language, usually to make a point or draw attention; gross exaggeration for rhetorical effect |
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| the specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group. |
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Definition
| and expression of strong disapproval/ to find fault with |
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Definition
| to depart from the main subject |
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| tiny; a small person or thing/ a word indicating smallness (ie booklet) |
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Definition
| to free from deception or misconception |
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Definition
| a remarkable period of history |
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| given freely/unnecessary (done without good reason) |
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Definition
| to grow accustomed to something undesireable |
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Definition
| pertaining to joking or jesting |
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Definition
| customs (of a group of people) |
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Definition
| typically silent; dispositionally disinclined to speak |
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Definition
| the withdrawal of a previously stated idea or opinion |
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Definition
| a mild term substituted for a harsh one. |
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Definition
| a generic name for any figure of speech, such as image, symbol, simile, metaphor, personification. |
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Definition
| a letter, often very formal, elegant, and /or didactic directed or sent to a person or a group |
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Definition
| to sanction/ to authorize |
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Definition
| an arbitrator (someone selected to resolve a dispute) |
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Definition
| to perceive (to see clearly) |
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Definition
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Definition
| a distinguishing characteristic/ a mark indicating purity |
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Definition
| dull (lacking brightnesss or liveliness) |
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Definition
| easily bent or modified/ compliant (yielding easily) |
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Definition
| wise; a wiser person; a type of spice |
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Definition
| to satisfy fully (esp with food); to weary with too much (esp with food or pleasure) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses in a list |
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Definition
| the works considered most important in a national literature or period; works widely published, read, and studied |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of a conjunction between each word, phrase, or clause in a list. |
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Definition
| a method of development that explains step by step how something is done or how to do something |
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Definition
| ancient or characteristic of the past |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| to come together in a single group |
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Definition
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Definition
| to make hostile or unsympathetic/ to stay away from |
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Definition
| a simple and charming scene/ a short poem describing it |
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Definition
| in the process of coming into existence |
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Definition
| an attack on a belief or opinion/controversial and argumentative |
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Definition
| a realist/practical (concerned with workable solutions) |
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Definition
| an inactive or sluggish condition |
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Definition
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Definition
| a narrative in which the characters, behavior, and even the setting demonstrate multiple levels of meaning and significance |
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Term
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Definition
| a concise statement designed to make a point or illustrate a commonly held belief. |
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Definition
| a figure of speech that juxtaposes two contradictory elements to create a paradoxical effect. |
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Definition
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| a wasting away (esp from lack of use) |
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Definition
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Definition
| impartial (free from bias) |
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Definition
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Definition
| easily understood/ transparent/ sane |
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Definition
| menacing, threatening/ an ominous sign of things to come |
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Definition
| a predecessor (something that came first)/ an event signaling something to come/a chemical that is transformed into a compound during a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| winding/ devious (not straightforward) |
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Definition
| apprehension (a state of fear and dread) |
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Definition
| the hereditary upper classes/ government rule by the hereditary upper classes |
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Definition
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Definition
| to separate/ to withdraw from something (esp a group) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| perplexed (also spelled nonplused) |
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Definition
| occurring under advantageous circumstances |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| omnipresent (present everywhere simultaneously) |
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Definition
| simple and natural/without guilt or deceit/ crude/ poorly made |
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Definition
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Definition
| showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one's achievement |
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Definition
| agreeable; willing to please others, obliging |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to praise/ a song of praise |
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Term
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Definition
| excessively eager to please |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| self-denial of life's pleasures/ one who does this |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| strife (lack of harmony)/ a harsh mix of musical tones |
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Definition
| to branch out/ to deviate/ to differ |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| unwieldy, due to weight/ laborious |
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Definition
| an inclination (to do something) |
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Definition
| dirty, pertaining to low moral standards; greedy or grasping |
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Definition
| practical, rather than decorative |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| to seclude/ a place devoted to religious seclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| separate (individually distinct) |
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Term
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Definition
| to give or take in marriage/ to support a view |
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Term
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Definition
| light humor (esp at inappropriate times) |
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Term
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Definition
| to anticipate and prevent, to make unnecessary |
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Term
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Definition
| to put something forward as fact (without proof) |
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Definition
| of extraordinary power and scope/ marvelous (hard to believe) |
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Term
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Definition
| a scheme to gain an advantage (often involving trickery) |
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Term
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Definition
| to waver (esp in opinion) |
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