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| Device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. It usually deals with moral truth or a generalization about human existence. |
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| Terse statements of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle; truism. If authorship is unknown, it's a folk proverb. |
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| Figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It adds familiarity or emotional intensity. |
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| Emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established party by setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. |
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| Use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Give work a conversational, familiar tone. Includes local or regional dialects. |
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| Fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. Displays intellectual cleverness due to unusual comparison. |
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| Strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color. Opposite of connotation. |
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Word choice, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.
Examples: formal/informal, ornate/plain |
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| "Teaching" Having primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles |
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| Describes traditions for each genre (e.x. differentiates between essay and journalistic writing) |
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Prose - fiction/nonfiction
Poetry - lyric, dramatic, narrative, epic...
Drama - tragedy, comedy, melodrama, farce... |
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"Sermon"
Any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice |
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| Emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language |
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Verbal irony
Situational irony
Dramatic irony |
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| Type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical unites such as phrases and clauses. |
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"changed label" or "substitute name"
The name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it (ex. "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared") |
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mood (three types)
...it's also like tone/atmosphere |
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Indicative mood - factual sentences
Subjunctive mood - doubtful or conditional attitude
Imperative mood - commands |
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| Deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises ("major", then "minor") that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion. |
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| How words are joined into phrases, clauses, and sentences. It deals with groups of words, as opposed to individual words (diction) |
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| Central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life |
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| Similar to mood, tone describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both. Examples: playful, serious, businesslike, sarcastic, humorous, formal, ornate, somber |
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| Adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish |
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| Sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. Ex: "Ecstatic with my AP scores, I let out a loud shout of joy!" |
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| First person narrator - protagonist, participant, or observer
Third person narrator - omniscient, limited omniscient
...also means the author's attitude |
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| Ex: My boyfriend is tall, dark, and handsome. Group of predicate adjectives is "tall, dark and handsome" |
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| Ex: Lincoln was a man of integrity. Predicate nominative is "man of integrity" because it renames Lincoln. |
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| rhetorical modes (four common types/ modes of discourse) |
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Describes variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of writing.
Exposition
Argumentation
Description
Narration |
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